Lucca is famous for its perfectly preserved Renaissance city walls, a four-kilometre circuit of broad ramparts that completely encircle the historic centre. Built between the 16th and 17th centuries and never breached in war, they were later planted with trees and turned into a tree-lined promenade. Walking the walls gives a sweeping view over the rooftops and towers of a city that has welcomed Via Francigena pilgrims for more than a thousand years.
Highlights
- A complete four-kilometre ring of Renaissance ramparts never breached in war
- Tree-lined promenade of nearly 700 plane trees circling the city
- Legend of Lucida Mansi and the Devil's blazing carriage on the ramparts
- Sealed gates that held back the flooding Serchio in 1812
- Dusk circuit with rooftop views and the Apuan Alps on the horizon
At a glance
| Period | Renaissance ramparts (16th–17th century) |
|---|---|
| Stage | 62 — Pietrasanta to Lucca |
Take care
- Path shared with fast-moving bikes — keep to one side
- Some inner bastion edges drop away unfenced; keep children close
History
Two earlier circuits, Roman and medieval, ringed Lucca before the Republic decreed new artillery walls, built between 1545 and about 1650 with eleven bastions and thousands of labourers. The guns were never fired at an enemy; the walls' one great service came in 1812, when the sealed gates held back the flooding River Serchio. After the duchy passed to Maria Luisa of Bourbon in 1815, her architect Lorenzo Nottolini reshaped the ramparts as a public walk, completed as a park later that century.
Myth & legend
Legend says the noblewoman Lucida Mansi bargained with the Devil for thirty more years of youth and beauty; when her time expired he carried her off in a blazing carriage that raced along these very ramparts. On moonlit nights, Lucchese lore claims, her face can still be glimpsed in the pool of the botanical garden below the walls.
Geology
The ramparts are the plain re-engineered: vast earthworks of sand and gravel dug from the Serchio's alluvium, faced with brick fired from the same valley clays. Lucca sits on flat floodplain ground with no natural crag to defend it, so the city in effect raised its own geology into a ring of artificial hills.
Wildlife & nature
The rampart promenade is a linear wood of nearly 700 plane trees, planted up with holm oak and lime and studded with ginkgo, cedar, tulip tree and horse chestnut. Red squirrels, tawny owls, green woodpeckers and jays use the old trunks, and the plane leaves turn russet along the whole four-kilometre circuit in November.
The view
A complete four-kilometre ring of tree-lined ramparts circles the city, with rooftop and tower views inward and the Apuan Alps floating on the horizon beyond the plain.
Photography
Shoot along the avenue of plane trees in low evening light, or from the bastions towards the Guinigi Tower and cathedral; autumn foliage adds colour to the promenade.
When to visit
Spring blossom and autumn colour flatter the tree-lined circuit; summer evenings bring the whole town up for the passeggiata, and winter mornings can be atmospherically misty.
Getting there
The walls encircle the historic centre a few minutes on foot from Lucca station; the Via Francigena passes directly beneath them as it threads through the city gates.
Where to stay
Sleeping inside the walls is part of the experience: pilgrim hostels and convent guesthouses take the credential, and hotels and B&Bs fill the lanes of the old town.
Food & water
Drinking fountains sit near several gates and in the streets below, and kiosks and cafes line the circuit; carry a bottle if you plan to walk or cycle the full ring.
Safety
The rampart path is shared with fast-moving bikes — keep to one side. Some inner bastion edges drop away unfenced; keep children close. In an emergency dial 112.
Accessibility
Gentle ramps lead up to the broad, level rampart promenade, making the full circuit manageable with wheels; the surface is smooth compacted gravel and tarmac.
Visitor tips
Walk or hire a bicycle for the full circuit at dusk when locals promenade; the ramparts give the best single overview of the city you have just walked into.
Listen: the audio guide
The full narration of this stop's audio guide, in text. The audio itself plays only in the app.
Climb the ramp at any of the gates and you step onto a wall that has become a forest. A broad green boulevard runs along the top of the ramparts, shaded by an avenue of plane trees, and it circles the entire city without a single break. On one side lie the rooftops and towers of Lucca; on the other, the plain, with the Apuan Alps floating on the horizon. These walls were never once breached, and their finest hour was not a battle at all.
Lucca had two earlier rings, Roman and medieval, before the Republic decided it needed walls that could survive gunpowder. These ramparts were built between 1545 and about 1650, with eleven arrow-headed bastions and thousands of labourers, a colossal outlay for a small independent state that intended never to be conquered. And here is the quiet joke of the place: there is no crag beneath Lucca, no natural height at all. The city stands on the flat floodplain of the Serchio, so it dug sand and gravel out of the river's own alluvium, heaped it into vast earthworks, faced them with brick fired from the same valley clay, and in effect raised its own geology, a ring of artificial hills. Once the danger of war had clearly passed, the duchy came to Maria Luisa of Bourbon in 1815, and her architect Lorenzo Nottolini reshaped the fortress into a public promenade, completed as a park later that century.
Now, look for four things as you walk the circuit. First, the trees themselves, nearly seven hundred planes lining the four kilometres of rampart, planted up with holm oak and lime and studded with ginkgo, cedar, tulip tree and horse chestnut; in November the whole ring turns russet and the leaves come down in drifts. Second, the bastions, where the walk widens out over the arrow-headed platforms and the views open towards the Guinigi Tower and the cathedral; some inner edges drop away unfenced, so keep children close. Third, the wildlife of this long thin wood: red squirrels running the branches, green woodpeckers laughing from the grass, jays flashing between the trunks, and tawny owls calling from the old trees after dark. And fourth, the people, because at dusk the whole town comes up here for the passeggiata, joggers, prams, dogs, old men debating, and cyclists coming through fast, so keep to one side and enjoy the show.
The guns of these walls were never fired at an enemy. No army ever came to test the bastions, and the great artillery ring stood ready for nothing, until 1812, when the enemy turned out to be water. The Serchio burst its banks and the flood came at the city, and Lucca sealed its gates. The ramparts held the water out as surely as they would have held out cannon, and the fortress built against armies performed its one great public service against a river. It is hard to imagine a happier fate for a machine of war.
The ramparts keep a darker tale too. Legend says the noblewoman Lucida Mansi bargained with the Devil for thirty more years of youth and beauty, and when her time expired he came for her in a blazing carriage that raced along these very walls before vanishing. On moonlit nights, Lucchese lore claims, her face can still be glimpsed in the pool of the botanical garden below. Look down as you pass. You will look; everyone does.
Take the full circuit if your legs will forgive you, ideally at dusk, when the light goes amber on the brick and the trees. It is the best single overview you will ever get of the city you have just walked into. Tomorrow the road goes south. Tonight you are inside the ring, and nothing has ever got in here uninvited. Buon cammino.
Also narrated in Deutsch, Italiano, Nederlands
The same guide, written again in each language rather than translated. Open one to read it in full.
Deutsch · 5 min 00 s
Steigen Sie an einem beliebigen Tor die Rampe hinauf, und Sie betreten eine Mauer, die zum Wald geworden ist. Oben auf dem Wall läuft ein breiter grüner Boulevard entlang, beschattet von einer Allee aus Platanen, und er umrundet die ganze Stadt ohne eine einzige Unterbrechung. Auf der einen Seite liegen die Dächer und Türme von Lucca, auf der anderen die Ebene, mit den Apuanischen Alpen, die am Horizont schweben. Diese Mauern wurden nie durchbrochen, und ihre größte Stunde war überhaupt keine Schlacht.
Lucca hatte zwei ältere Ringe, einen römischen und einen mittelalterlichen, ehe die Republik beschloss, sie brauche Mauern, die das Schießpulver überstehen. Diese Wälle entstanden zwischen 1545 und etwa 1650, mit elf pfeilförmigen Bastionen und tausenden Arbeitern, ein gewaltiger Aufwand für einen kleinen unabhängigen Staat, der vorhatte, niemals erobert zu werden. Und hier liegt der stille Witz dieses Ortes: Unter Lucca gibt es keinen Fels, überhaupt keine natürliche Höhe. Die Stadt steht auf der flachen Schwemmebene des Serchio, also grub sie Sand und Kies aus dem Anschwemmboden des Flusses, häufte ihn zu riesigen Erdwerken, verkleidete sie mit Ziegeln aus dem Lehm desselben Tals und schuf sich damit im Grunde ihre eigene Geologie, einen Ring künstlicher Hügel. Als die Kriegsgefahr sichtbar vorüber war, kam das Herzogtum 1815 an Maria Luisa von Bourbon, und ihr Architekt Lorenzo Nottolini formte die Festung zu einer öffentlichen Promenade um, die später im Jahrhundert als Park vollendet wurde.
Vier Dinge sollten Sie auf der Runde suchen. Erstens: die Bäume selbst, fast siebenhundert Platanen säumen die vier Kilometer Wall, unterpflanzt mit Steineiche und Linde und durchsetzt mit Ginkgo, Zeder, Tulpenbaum und Rosskastanie. Im November färbt sich der ganze Ring rostrot, und das Laub kommt in Wehen herunter. Zweitens: die Bastionen, wo sich der Weg über die pfeilförmigen Plattformen weitet und der Blick zum Guinigi-Turm und zur Kathedrale aufgeht. Manche Innenkanten fallen ungesichert ab, halten Sie Kinder also nah. Drittens: das Leben dieses langen schmalen Waldes, Eichhörnchen, die durch die Äste laufen, Grünspechte, die aus dem Gras lachen, Eichelhäher, die zwischen den Stämmen aufblitzen, und Waldkäuze, die nach Einbruch der Dunkelheit aus den alten Bäumen rufen. Und viertens: die Menschen, denn in der Dämmerung kommt die ganze Stadt zur Passeggiata herauf, Joggende, Kinderwagen, Hunde, alte Männer im Streitgespräch, und Radfahrer, die zügig durchziehen, halten Sie sich also an eine Seite und genießen Sie das Schauspiel.
Die Geschütze dieser Mauern wurden nie auf einen Feind abgefeuert. Kein Heer kam je, um die Bastionen zu prüfen, und der große Artilleriering stand für nichts bereit, bis sich 1812 herausstellte, dass der Feind das Wasser war. Der Serchio trat über die Ufer, die Flut lief auf die Stadt zu, und Lucca schloss seine Tore. Die Wälle hielten das Wasser so sicher ab, wie sie Kanonen abgehalten hätten, und die gegen Heere gebaute Festung leistete ihren einen großen öffentlichen Dienst gegen einen Fluss. Ein glücklicheres Schicksal ist für eine Kriegsmaschine kaum vorstellbar.
Die Wälle bewahren auch eine dunklere Geschichte. Es heißt, die Adelige Lucida Mansi habe mit dem Teufel um dreißig weitere Jahre Jugend und Schönheit gehandelt, und als ihre Frist ablief, sei er in einer brennenden Kutsche gekommen, die über eben diese Mauern raste, ehe sie verschwand. In Mondnächten, sagt man in Lucca, sei ihr Gesicht noch immer im Teich des botanischen Gartens dort unten zu sehen. Schauen Sie im Vorbeigehen hinunter. Sie werden hinschauen; alle tun es.
Nehmen Sie die volle Runde, wenn Ihre Beine es Ihnen verzeihen, am besten in der Dämmerung, wenn das Licht auf Ziegel und Bäumen bernsteinfarben wird. Es ist der beste Überblick, den Sie über diese Stadt je bekommen werden. Morgen geht der Weg nach Süden. Heute Nacht sind Sie innerhalb des Rings, und hier ist noch nie etwas ungebeten hereingekommen. Buon cammino.
Italiano · 4 min 24 s
Salite la rampa di una qualsiasi delle porte, e mettete piede su un muro che è diventato un bosco. In cima ai bastioni corre un largo viale verde, ombreggiato da un filare di platani, e gira intorno a tutta la città senza una sola interruzione. Da una parte i tetti e le torri di Lucca; dall'altra la pianura, con le Apuane sospese all'orizzonte. Queste mura non furono mai violate, e il loro giorno più bello non fu affatto una battaglia.
Lucca aveva già avuto due cerchie, quella romana e quella medievale, prima che la Repubblica decidesse di volerne una capace di reggere alla polvere da sparo. Questi bastioni furono costruiti fra il 1545 e il 1650 circa, con undici baluardi a punta di freccia e migliaia di braccia, una spesa enorme per un piccolo stato indipendente deciso a non farsi conquistare mai. E qui sta la battuta silenziosa del posto: sotto Lucca non c'è nessuna rupe, non c'è nessuna altura naturale. La città sta sulla piana alluvionale del Serchio, e allora ha cavato sabbia e ghiaia dall'alluvione del fiume stesso, l'ha ammucchiata in terrapieni enormi, li ha rivestiti di mattoni cotti con l'argilla della stessa valle, e in pratica si è fabbricata la propria geologia: un anello di colline artificiali. Passato ormai il pericolo della guerra, nel 1815 il ducato andò a Maria Luisa di Borbone, e il suo architetto Lorenzo Nottolini trasformò la fortezza in passeggiata pubblica, completata come parco più avanti nel secolo.
Ora, quattro cose da cercare mentre fate il giro. Primo, gli alberi: quasi settecento platani lungo i quattro chilometri di cinta, integrati con lecci e tigli e punteggiati di ginkgo, cedri, liriodendri e ippocastani; a novembre tutto l'anello vira al rosso ruggine e le foglie vengono giù a mucchi. Secondo, i baluardi, dove il cammino si allarga sulle piattaforme a punta di freccia e la vista si apre verso la Torre Guinigi e il Duomo; certi bordi interni cadono di netto e senza protezione, quindi tenete i bambini vicini. Terzo, la fauna di questo lungo bosco stretto: scoiattoli rossi che corrono sui rami, picchi verdi che ridono dall'erba, ghiandaie che lampeggiano fra i tronchi, e allocchi che chiamano dagli alberi vecchi dopo il buio. E quarto, la gente, perché all'imbrunire tutta la città sale quassù per la passeggiata: chi corre, i passeggini, i cani, i vecchi che discutono, e i ciclisti che arrivano lanciati. Tenete un lato e godetevi lo spettacolo.
I cannoni di queste mura non spararono mai contro un nemico. Nessun esercito venne mai a provare i baluardi, e il grande anello d'artiglieria restò pronto per niente. Finché, nel 1812, il nemico si rivelò essere l'acqua. Il Serchio ruppe gli argini e la piena venne addosso alla città, e Lucca sbarrò le porte. I bastioni tennero fuori l'acqua con la stessa sicurezza con cui avrebbero tenuto fuori i cannoni, e la fortezza costruita contro gli eserciti rese il suo unico grande servizio pubblico contro un fiume. È difficile immaginare un destino più felice per una macchina da guerra.
Le mura custodiscono anche una storia più cupa. Si racconta che la nobile Lucida Mansi avesse trattato con il diavolo trent'anni in più di giovinezza e bellezza, e che allo scadere del patto lui sia venuto a prenderla su una carrozza in fiamme, lanciata proprio lungo questi bastioni prima di sparire. Nelle notti di luna, dice Lucca, il suo volto si intravede ancora nella vasca dell'orto botanico qui sotto. Guardate giù, passando. Guarderete: guardano tutti.
Fate il giro intero, se le gambe ve lo perdonano, e possibilmente all'imbrunire, quando la luce si fa ambrata sul mattone e sugli alberi. È il miglior colpo d'occhio che avrete mai sulla città in cui siete appena entrati. Domani la strada va a sud. Stanotte siete dentro l'anello, e qui dentro non è mai entrato nessuno senza essere invitato. Buon cammino.
Nederlands · 5 min 26 s
Beklim bij een van de poorten de oprit en je stapt op een muur die een bos is geworden. Over de top van de wallen loopt een brede groene boulevard, beschaduwd door een laan van platanen, en hij omcirkelt de hele stad zonder één onderbreking. Aan de ene kant liggen de daken en torens van Lucca, aan de andere de vlakte, met de Apuaanse Alpen die op de horizon zweven. Deze muren zijn nooit doorbroken, en hun mooiste uur was helemaal geen veldslag.
Lucca had al twee eerdere ringen, een Romeinse en een middeleeuwse, voordat de republiek besloot dat ze muren nodig had die buskruit konden doorstaan. Deze wallen werden gebouwd tussen 1545 en ongeveer 1650, met elf pijlpuntvormige bastions en duizenden arbeiders, een kolossale uitgave voor een kleine onafhankelijke staat die van plan was zich nooit te laten veroveren. En hier zit de stille grap van deze plek: onder Lucca ligt geen rots, geen enkele natuurlijke hoogte. De stad staat op de vlakke overstromingsvlakte van de Serchio, dus groef ze zand en grind uit het rivierafzetsel zelf, hoopte dat op tot enorme aardwerken, bekleedde die met baksteen gebakken uit de klei van hetzelfde dal, en schiep zo in feite haar eigen geologie: een ring van kunstmatige heuvels. Toen het oorlogsgevaar duidelijk voorbij was, kwam het hertogdom in 1815 aan Maria Louisa van Bourbon, en haar architect Lorenzo Nottolini hervormde de vesting tot een openbare wandelpromenade, later die eeuw voltooid als park.
Zoek nu vier dingen terwijl je het rondje loopt. Ten eerste de bomen zelf, bijna zevenhonderd platanen langs de vier kilometer wal, aangevuld met steeneik en linde en bezaaid met ginkgo, ceder, tulpenboom en paardenkastanje; in november kleurt de hele ring roestbruin en komen de bladeren in drijfhopen naar beneden. Ten tweede de bastions, waar de wandeling zich verbreedt over de pijlpuntvormige platforms en het uitzicht opengaat naar de Guinigi-toren en de kathedraal; sommige binnenranden vallen onbeveiligd weg, dus houd kinderen dicht bij je. Ten derde het leven van dit lange smalle bos: eekhoorns die door de takken rennen, groene spechten die vanuit het gras lachen, gaaien die tussen de stammen door flitsen, en bosuilen die na donker vanuit de oude bomen roepen. En ten vierde de mensen, want bij het vallen van de avond komt de hele stad hierboven voor de passeggiata, joggers, kinderwagens, honden, oude mannen in discussie, en fietsers die er snel doorheen komen, dus houd één kant aan en geniet van het schouwspel.
De kanonnen van deze muren zijn nooit op een vijand afgevuurd. Geen leger is de bastions ooit komen beproeven, en de grote artilleriering stond voor niets gereed, tot in 1812 de vijand water bleek te zijn. De Serchio trad buiten haar oevers en de vloed kwam op de stad af, en Lucca sloot haar poorten. De wallen hielden het water even zeker buiten als ze kanonnen zouden hebben buitengehouden, en de vesting die tegen legers was gebouwd verrichtte haar ene grote openbare dienst tegen een rivier. Een gelukkiger lot voor een oorlogsmachine is moeilijk voor te stellen.
De wallen bewaren ook een donkerder verhaal. De legende wil dat de edelvrouwe Lucida Mansi met de duivel onderhandelde over dertig extra jaren jeugd en schoonheid, en dat hij haar, toen haar tijd om was, kwam halen in een brandende koets die over juist deze muren raasde en toen verdween. Op maanverlichte nachten, zo wil de Lucchese overlevering, is haar gezicht nog altijd te zien in de vijver van de botanische tuin beneden. Kijk maar naar beneden als je erlangs komt. Je zult kijken; iedereen kijkt.
Loop het hele rondje als je benen het je vergeven, het liefst in de schemer, wanneer het licht amberkleurig wordt op de baksteen en de bomen. Het is het beste totaaloverzicht dat je ooit van deze stad zult krijgen, waar je zojuist bent binnengelopen. Morgen gaat de weg naar het zuiden. Vanavond ben je binnen de ring, en hier is nog nooit iemand ongenood binnengekomen. Buon cammino.
Common questions
How old is The Walls of Lucca?
The Walls of Lucca dates from the Renaissance ramparts (16th–17th century) period.
How do I get to The Walls of Lucca?
The walls encircle the historic centre a few minutes on foot from Lucca station; the Via Francigena passes directly beneath them as it threads through the city gates.
Is The Walls of Lucca accessible?
Gentle ramps lead up to the broad, level rampart promenade, making the full circuit manageable with wheels; the surface is smooth compacted gravel and tarmac.
When is the best time to visit The Walls of Lucca?
Spring blossom and autumn colour flatter the tree-lined circuit; summer evenings bring the whole town up for the passeggiata, and winter mornings can be atmospherically misty.
Is there food and water at The Walls of Lucca?
Drinking fountains sit near several gates and in the streets below, and kiosks and cafes line the circuit; carry a bottle if you plan to walk or cycle the full ring.
Where can I stay near The Walls of Lucca?
Sleeping inside the walls is part of the experience: pilgrim hostels and convent guesthouses take the credential, and hotels and B&Bs fill the lanes of the old town.
What should I know before visiting The Walls of Lucca?
Walk or hire a bicycle for the full circuit at dusk when locals promenade; the ramparts give the best single overview of the city you have just walked into.
Is The Walls of Lucca safe to visit?
The rampart path is shared with fast-moving bikes — keep to one side. Some inner bastion edges drop away unfenced; keep children close. In an emergency dial 112.
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