Founded by St Augustine of Canterbury shortly after he brought Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons in 597 AD, this ruined Benedictine abbey lies just outside the old city walls. Once one of the most important monasteries in England, it served as the burial place of the early archbishops and Kentish kings. Today its atmospheric foundations and walls form part of the Canterbury UNESCO World Heritage Site, marking the transition from the medieval city out onto the pilgrim road.
Highlights
- Ruined abbey founded by St Augustine in 598, resting place of Kentish kings
- Bede's tale of King Aethelberht meeting the Roman mission in the open air
- Norman church over 100 metres long begun by Abbot Scolland in the 1070s
- Abbot's lodgings converted into a royal palace for Anne of Cleves
- Quiet lawns with Bell Harry Tower rising on the skyline beyond
At a glance
| Period | Medieval (founded 598 AD) |
|---|---|
| Stage | 1 — Canterbury to Shepherdswell |
Take care
- Keep off the low, fragile ruin walls
- Watch the uneven ground among the foundations
History
After the Norman Conquest, Abbot Scolland of Mont Saint-Michel replaced the abbey's three Anglo-Saxon churches with a single Romanesque church over 100 metres long, begun in the 1070s. The monastery endured for over 940 years until 30 July 1538, when the last monks left at the Dissolution; a year later the abbot's lodgings were converted into a royal palace for Anne of Cleves. The site was quarried for stone and slowly decayed, until excavations from the 19th century revealed the ruins now cared for by English Heritage.
Myth & legend
Bede records that King Æthelberht insisted on receiving Augustine's Roman mission in the open air, wary lest the strangers work 'magical arts' upon him indoors. Won over, he let them preach freely, and the abbey Augustine founded became the hallowed resting place of Kent's early kings and archbishops.
Geology
The abbey ruins are a catalogue of Kentish geology: walls of flint nodules gathered from the surrounding chalk downs, mortar burnt from the chalk itself, and reused Roman bricks fired from local clays. Flint, silica that hardened in bands within the Late Cretaceous chalk, was for centuries the only durable stone this corner of England could supply on its own.
Wildlife & nature
The abbey's mown turf and ruined flint walls make a warm, dry habitat: house sparrows and starlings work the grass, wall-rue, pellitory and ivy-leaved toadflax root in the old mortar, and swifts and house martins hawk insects overhead through the summer. Herring gulls and jackdaws loaf on the higher wall tops.
The view
Ruined flint walls and column bases spread across quiet lawns just outside the city walls, with Bell Harry Tower rising on the skyline beyond — a calm counterpoint to the cathedral crowds.
Photography
Low morning or evening sun rakes across the ruins and throws long shadows over the footings; use fallen masonry as foreground and line up the cathedral tower in the distance.
When to visit
Spring and early autumn give green lawns and soft light; summer is pleasant but busier; the open site feels bleak in winter wind and rain, so choose a fair day if you can.
Getting there
The abbey lies a few minutes on foot from the cathedral, just outside the old city walls on Longport, directly on the walking route out of Canterbury towards Dover; both rail stations are walkable.
Where to stay
Sleep in Canterbury itself — B&Bs, guesthouses and summer student rooms are all close by; pilgrims with the credential typically stay in the city before setting out on the first stage.
Food & water
Carry water — there is no fountain among the ruins; cafes and shops back towards the city centre along Longport and Monastery Street are the nearest refreshment options.
Safety
Ruin walls are low and fragile — keep off the masonry and watch the uneven ground. In an emergency dial 999 or 112; for non-urgent medical advice call NHS 111.
Accessibility
The site is broadly level, but paths cross grass and gravel and the ruins have uneven footings; the museum area at the entrance is the easiest part underfoot.
Visitor tips
Visit early on the day you leave Canterbury, since the abbey sits on the route out of the city, and see it with the cathedral and St Martin's Church as one UNESCO ensemble; English Heritage manages the site.
Listen: the audio guide
The full narration of this stop's audio guide, in text. The audio itself plays only in the app.
You have barely left the cathedral behind when the city walls fall away and a wide green field of ruins opens before you. You are standing among the broken flint walls of St Augustine's Abbey, where the kings of Kent lie under the mown grass, where a Norman church more than a hundred metres long is traced in stone across the turf, and where a monk who set out from Rome finished his journey. Yours runs the other way.
In 597 a Roman monk named Augustine landed in Kent with a small band of companions, sent by Pope Gregory the Great to preach to the Anglo-Saxons. King Æthelberht gave the mission his protection and a plot of ground outside his walls, and in 598 Augustine founded the abbey whose foundations now lie at your feet. For centuries this was one of the most important monasteries in England, the hallowed resting place of Kent's early kings and the first archbishops, buried out here rather than in the cathedral. After the Norman Conquest came a builder to match the place. Abbot Scolland, brought over from Mont Saint-Michel, cleared away the three small Anglo-Saxon churches that stood in a line on this spot and began, in the 1070s, a single Romanesque church more than a hundred metres long, a statement of the new order in creamy stone and Kentish flint.
Now, look for four things as you explore. First, the outline of Scolland's great church in the grass: the column bases, the long sweep of the nave, the curve of the apse at the east end. Walk its full length and let the scale of it settle on you. Second, the walls themselves, a catalogue of Kentish geology: packed flint nodules gathered from the chalk downs, mortar burnt from that same chalk, and here and there slim red courses of Roman brick, robbed from older ruins and fired from local clay. Third, the life in the stones. Wall-rue, pellitory and the little lilac trumpets of ivy-leaved toadflax root in mortar joints closed eight hundred years ago, while jackdaws and herring gulls loaf along the wall tops and swifts hawk insects overhead all summer. And fourth, from the eastern end, turn back and find Bell Harry Tower on the skyline. The cathedral you left half an hour ago is already becoming a view.
The abbey endured for more than nine hundred and forty years, and its ending came on a single summer's day. On the thirtieth of July, 1538, the last monks walked out of this place at the Dissolution, and within a year the abbot's lodgings had been dressed up as a royal palace for Anne of Cleves. Then the quarrying began. Stone was carted off by the wagonload, walls slumped, orchards crept over the rubble, and one of the great monasteries of England sank quietly into the ground, until Victorian excavators began to uncover the bones of it that you are walking on now.
Its beginning has a story too. Bede records that King Æthelberht insisted on receiving Augustine's mission in the open air, out under the sky, wary lest the strangers work magical arts upon him indoors. Whatever passed between them under that sky worked on the king instead. He let them preach freely, and this field is the result.
From here the route slips out of Canterbury past St Martin's Church, the last of the city's three great shrines, and on towards the North Downs and Shepherdswell. Keep off the fragile masonry, watch your footing among the foundations, and spare a final thought for the man who carried Rome all the way to this field, fourteen centuries before you set out to walk to Rome. Buon cammino.
Also narrated in Deutsch, Italiano, Nederlands
The same guide, written again in each language rather than translated. Open one to read it in full.
Deutsch · 4 min 49 s
Kaum haben Sie die Kathedrale hinter sich gelassen, fällt die Stadtmauer ab, und ein weites grünes Feld voller Ruinen öffnet sich vor Ihnen. Sie stehen zwischen den gebrochenen Feuersteinmauern der Abtei St Augustine, wo die Könige von Kent unter dem gemähten Rasen liegen, wo eine normannische Kirche von mehr als hundert Metern Länge in Stein auf den Boden gezeichnet ist und wo ein Mönch, der einst in Rom aufgebrochen war, seine Reise beendet hat. Ihre führt in die andere Richtung.
597 landete ein römischer Mönch namens Augustinus mit einer kleinen Schar Gefährten in Kent, von Papst Gregor dem Großen ausgesandt, um den Angelsachsen zu predigen. König Æthelberht gab der Mission seinen Schutz und ein Stück Land vor den Mauern, und 598 gründete Augustinus jene Abtei, deren Fundamente Ihnen jetzt zu Füßen liegen. Jahrhundertelang war dies eines der bedeutendsten Klöster Englands, die geweihte Ruhestätte der frühen Könige von Kent und der ersten Erzbischöfe, die hier draußen bestattet wurden und nicht in der Kathedrale. Nach der normannischen Eroberung kam ein Baumeister, der zu diesem Ort passte. Abt Scolland, herbeigeholt vom Mont-Saint-Michel, ließ die drei kleinen angelsächsischen Kirchen abräumen, die hier in einer Reihe standen, und begann in den 1070er Jahren eine einzige romanische Kirche von über hundert Metern Länge, eine Erklärung der neuen Ordnung in rahmweißem Stein und Feuerstein aus Kent.
Vier Dinge sollten Sie hier suchen. Erstens: den Umriss von Scollands großer Kirche im Gras, die Säulenbasen, den langen Zug des Langhauses, die Rundung der Apsis im Osten. Gehen Sie die volle Länge ab und lassen Sie sich das Maß setzen. Zweitens: die Mauern selbst, ein Katalog der Geologie Kents. Dicht gepackte Feuersteinknollen, gesammelt auf den Kreidehöhen, Mörtel aus derselben Kreide gebrannt, und hier und da schmale rote Lagen römischen Ziegels, geplündert aus älteren Ruinen und gebrannt aus dem Lehm dieser Gegend. Drittens: das Leben in den Steinen. Mauerraute, Glaskraut und die kleinen lila Trompeten des Zimbelkrauts wurzeln in Fugen, die vor achthundert Jahren geschlossen wurden, während Dohlen und Silbermöwen auf den Mauerkronen herumlungern und den ganzen Sommer über Mauersegler darüber Insekten jagen. Und viertens: Drehen Sie sich am Ostende um und suchen Sie den Bell-Harry-Turm am Horizont. Die Kathedrale, die Sie vor einer halben Stunde verlassen haben, wird bereits zur Aussicht.
Die Abtei hat mehr als neunhundertvierzig Jahre gehalten, und ihr Ende kam an einem einzigen Sommertag. Am dreißigsten Juli 1538 gingen die letzten Mönche im Zuge der Klosterauflösung aus diesem Haus, und binnen eines Jahres war die Wohnung des Abtes zu einem königlichen Palast für Anna von Kleve aufgeputzt. Dann begann der Abbruch. Stein wurde fuhrenweise fortgekarrt, Mauern sackten, Obstgärten krochen über den Schutt, und eines der großen Klöster Englands sank still in den Boden, bis viktorianische Ausgräber begannen, jene Knochen freizulegen, auf denen Sie jetzt gehen.
Auch der Anfang hat seine Geschichte. Beda berichtet, König Æthelberht habe darauf bestanden, die Mission des Augustinus im Freien zu empfangen, unter offenem Himmel, aus Sorge, die Fremden könnten in geschlossenen Räumen Zauberkünste über ihn wirken. Was immer unter jenem Himmel zwischen ihnen geschah, es wirkte auf den König. Er ließ sie frei predigen, und dieses Feld ist das Ergebnis.
Von hier schlüpft die Route an der Kirche St Martin vorbei aus Canterbury hinaus, dem letzten der drei großen Heiligtümer der Stadt, und weiter zu den North Downs und nach Shepherdswell. Bleiben Sie vom brüchigen Mauerwerk fort, achten Sie zwischen den Fundamenten auf Ihre Schritte, und schenken Sie noch einen Gedanken jenem Mann, der Rom bis auf dieses Feld getragen hat, vierzehn Jahrhunderte bevor Sie aufbrachen, um nach Rom zu gehen. Buon cammino.
Italiano · 4 min 19 s
Avete appena lasciato la cattedrale alle spalle quando le mura della città si aprono e davanti a voi si distende un largo prato verde di rovine. Siete fra i muri spezzati di selce dell'abbazia di Sant'Agostino, dove i re del Kent riposano sotto l'erba falciata, dove una chiesa normanna lunga più di cento metri è disegnata in pietra sul manto erboso, e dove un monaco partito da Roma concluse il suo viaggio. Il vostro corre nel senso opposto, verso la città da cui lui era venuto.
Nel 597 un monaco romano di nome Agostino sbarcò nel Kent con un piccolo gruppo di compagni, mandato da papa Gregorio Magno a predicare agli anglosassoni. Il re Etelberto accordò alla missione la sua protezione e un pezzo di terra fuori dalle mura, e nel 598 Agostino fondò l'abbazia le cui fondamenta ora giacciono ai vostri piedi. Per secoli fu uno dei monasteri più importanti d'Inghilterra, il luogo consacrato dove venivano sepolti i primi re del Kent e i primi arcivescovi, qui fuori e non in cattedrale. Dopo la conquista normanna arrivò un costruttore all'altezza del luogo. L'abate Scolland, chiamato da Mont Saint-Michel, spazzò via le tre piccole chiese anglosassoni che sorgevano in fila su questo punto e cominciò, intorno al 1070, un'unica chiesa romanica lunga più di cento metri, una dichiarazione del nuovo ordine in pietra chiara e selce del Kent.
Ora, quattro cose da cercare. Primo, il profilo della grande chiesa di Scolland disegnato nell'erba: le basi delle colonne, la lunga corsa della navata, la curva dell'abside all'estremità orientale. Percorretela per intero e lasciate che la sua scala vi si posi addosso. Secondo, i muri stessi, un catalogo della geologia del Kent: noduli di selce raccolti sulle colline di creta, malta cotta da quella stessa creta, e qua e là sottili corsi rossi di mattone romano, strappato a rovine più antiche e cotto con l'argilla locale. Terzo, la vita nelle pietre. La ruta muraria, la parietaria e le piccole trombette lilla della cimbalaria mettono radici in giunti di malta chiusi ottocento anni fa, mentre taccole e gabbiani reali oziano sui muri e i rondoni danno la caccia agli insetti per tutta l'estate. E quarto, dall'estremità orientale, voltatevi e cercate la torre di Bell Harry sull'orizzonte. La cattedrale che avete lasciato mezz'ora fa sta già diventando un panorama.
L'abbazia durò più di novecentoquaranta anni, e la sua fine arrivò in un solo giorno d'estate. Il 30 luglio 1538 gli ultimi monaci uscirono da questo luogo, alla soppressione dei monasteri, e nel giro di un anno gli alloggi dell'abate erano stati travestiti da palazzo reale per Anna di Clèves. Poi cominciò la cava. La pietra partì a carri, i muri si afflosciarono, i frutteti strisciarono sopra le macerie, e uno dei grandi monasteri d'Inghilterra sprofondò in silenzio nella terra, finché gli scavatori dell'Ottocento non cominciarono a riportarne alla luce le ossa, quelle su cui ora state camminando.
Anche il suo inizio ha una storia. Beda racconta che il re Etelberto volle ricevere la missione di Agostino all'aria aperta, sotto il cielo, diffidente che gli stranieri potessero operare arti magiche su di lui al chiuso. Qualunque cosa sia passata fra loro sotto quel cielo, operò invece sul re. Lasciò che predicassero liberamente, e questo prato ne è il risultato.
Da qui il percorso scivola fuori da Canterbury davanti alla chiesa di San Martino, l'ultimo dei tre grandi santuari della città, e prosegue verso le North Downs e Shepherdswell. State lontani dalle murature fragili, attenti a dove mettete i piedi fra le fondamenta, e dedicate un ultimo pensiero all'uomo che portò Roma fino a questo prato, quattordici secoli prima che voi partiste per raggiungerla a piedi. Buon cammino.
Nederlands · 5 min 01 s
Je hebt de kathedraal amper achter je gelaten of de stadsmuren vallen weg en een wijd groen veld vol ruïnes opent zich voor je. Je staat tussen de gebroken vuurstenen muren van St Augustine's Abbey, waar de koningen van Kent onder het gemaaide gras liggen, waar een Normandische kerk van meer dan honderd meter lang in steen door het gazon getekend staat, en waar een monnik die uit Rome vertrok zijn reis voltooide. Die van jou loopt de andere kant op.
In 597 landde een Romeinse monnik met de naam Augustinus in Kent met een klein gezelschap metgezellen, gestuurd door paus Gregorius de Grote om de Angelsaksen te bekeren. Koning Æthelberht gaf de missie zijn bescherming en een stuk grond buiten zijn muren, en in 598 stichtte Augustinus de abdij waarvan de fundamenten nu aan je voeten liggen. Eeuwenlang was dit een van de belangrijkste kloosters van Engeland, de gewijde rustplaats van de vroege koningen van Kent en de eerste aartsbisschoppen, die hier begraven werden en niet in de kathedraal. Na de Normandische verovering kwam er een bouwer die bij de plek paste. Abt Scolland, overgehaald van de Mont Saint-Michel, ruimde de drie kleine Angelsaksische kerkjes op die hier op een rij stonden en begon in de jaren zeventig van de elfde eeuw aan één romaanse kerk van meer dan honderd meter lang, een statement van de nieuwe orde in roomkleurige steen en Kentse vuursteen.
Zoek nu vier dingen terwijl je rondloopt. Ten eerste de omtrek van Scollands grote kerk in het gras: de zuilvoeten, de lange lijn van het schip, de bocht van de apsis aan het oostelijke einde. Loop hem in zijn volle lengte en laat de schaal op je inwerken. Ten tweede de muren zelf, een staalkaart van de geologie van Kent: dicht opeengepakte vuursteenknollen van de krijtheuvels, mortel gebrand uit datzelfde krijt, en hier en daar smalle rode banden Romeinse baksteen, geroofd uit oudere ruïnes en gebakken van lokale klei. Ten derde het leven in de stenen. Muurvaren, glaskruid en de lila trompetjes van muurleeuwenbek wortelen in voegen die achthonderd jaar geleden zijn dichtgestreken, terwijl kauwen en zilvermeeuwen op de muurranden hangen en gierzwaluwen de hele zomer insecten jagen boven je hoofd. En ten vierde: draai je aan het oostelijke einde om en zoek Bell Harry aan de horizon. De kathedraal die je een half uur geleden verliet, is nu al een uitzicht aan het worden.
De abdij hield het meer dan negenhonderdveertig jaar vol, en haar einde kwam op één zomerdag. Op 30 juli 1538 liepen de laatste monniken deze plek uit, bij de opheffing van de kloosters, en binnen een jaar was het abtsverblijf opgetuigd als koninklijk paleis voor Anna van Kleef. Toen begon het slopen. Steen werd per wagenlading afgevoerd, muren zakten in, boomgaarden kropen over het puin, en een van de grote kloosters van Engeland zonk stilletjes de grond in, tot Victoriaanse opgravers het geraamte begonnen bloot te leggen waar jij nu overheen loopt.
Ook het begin heeft een verhaal. Beda schrijft dat koning Æthelberht erop stond de missie van Augustinus in de openlucht te ontvangen, onder de blote hemel, uit angst dat de vreemdelingen binnenshuis toverkunsten op hem zouden uitoefenen. Wat er onder die hemel ook tussen hen gebeurde, het werkte, maar dan op de koning. Hij liet hen vrij prediken, en dit veld is het resultaat.
Vanaf hier glipt de route Canterbury uit langs St Martin's Church, het laatste van de drie grote heiligdommen van de stad, en verder naar de North Downs en Shepherdswell. Blijf van het kwetsbare metselwerk af, let op je voeten tussen de fundamenten, en gun een laatste gedachte aan de man die Rome helemaal naar dit veld droeg, veertien eeuwen voordat jij op weg ging om naar Rome te lopen. Buon cammino.
Common questions
How old is St Augustine's Abbey?
St Augustine's Abbey dates from the Medieval (founded 598 AD) period.
How do I get to St Augustine's Abbey?
The abbey lies a few minutes on foot from the cathedral, just outside the old city walls on Longport, directly on the walking route out of Canterbury towards Dover; both rail stations are walkable.
Is St Augustine's Abbey accessible?
The site is broadly level, but paths cross grass and gravel and the ruins have uneven footings; the museum area at the entrance is the easiest part underfoot.
When is the best time to visit St Augustine's Abbey?
Spring and early autumn give green lawns and soft light; summer is pleasant but busier; the open site feels bleak in winter wind and rain, so choose a fair day if you can.
Is there food and water at St Augustine's Abbey?
Carry water — there is no fountain among the ruins; cafes and shops back towards the city centre along Longport and Monastery Street are the nearest refreshment options.
Where can I stay near St Augustine's Abbey?
Sleep in Canterbury itself — B&Bs, guesthouses and summer student rooms are all close by; pilgrims with the credential typically stay in the city before setting out on the first stage.
What should I know before visiting St Augustine's Abbey?
Visit early on the day you leave Canterbury, since the abbey sits on the route out of the city, and see it with the cathedral and St Martin's Church as one UNESCO ensemble; English Heritage manages the site.
Is St Augustine's Abbey safe to visit?
Ruin walls are low and fragile — keep off the masonry and watch the uneven ground. In an emergency dial 999 or 112; for non-urgent medical advice call NHS 111.
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