Roman (1st century BC) · Via Francigena

Roman Theatre of Aosta

Aosta was founded in 25 BC as Augusta Praetoria, a Roman colony guarding the approaches to the Alpine passes, and is sometimes called the 'Rome of the Alps'. Its Roman theatre is dominated by a towering façade nearly 22 metres high, still standing amid the modern city. Together with the surrounding street grid and gates it gives the first arriving pilgrim a powerful sense of the Roman world that the Via Francigena was built upon.

Highlights

At a glance

PeriodRoman (1st century BC)
Stage42 — Etroubles to Aosta

Take care

History

The theatre went up late in the reign of Augustus, a few decades after the colony's foundation, and an amphitheatre followed nearby under Claudius. After the empire's fall the building was quarried for stone and gradually swallowed by medieval houses, with the convent of Saint Catherine occupying part of the site. Systematic clearance and restoration in the first half of the 20th century, concluded in the 1930s, freed the great facade seen today.

Myth & legend

Aosta is the birthplace of St Anselm, the great philosopher who became Archbishop of Canterbury. His biographer Eadmer tells how the boy, gazing at the peaks above the city, dreamt he climbed the mountains to the very court of God, where he was refreshed with the whitest of bread.

Geology

Aosta lies on the flat floor of one of the great glacial troughs of the western Alps: ice-age glaciers flowing down the Dora Baltea valley deepened it into a broad U-shape between walls of metamorphic rock. The level ground on which the Roman street grid sits is young fill, gravels and sands spread by the river and its Alpine tributaries after the ice withdrew.

Wildlife & nature

Swifts and house martins nest in the theatre's great façade and in the old town walls, with black redstarts and kestrels on the ledges and jackdaws in the cavities. The sun-baked valley slopes above the city are unusually steppe-like for the Alps, terraced in vines and dry grassland, and golden eagles cross the ridges beyond.

The view

The theatre's towering southern facade, nearly 22 metres of arched Roman masonry, stands against a backdrop of Alpine peaks — one of the most striking Roman-and-mountain pairings in Italy.

Photography

Morning light favours the great facade; in spring or autumn frame its arches against snow on the surrounding peaks, and shoot from the seating side for the tiers stacked under the sky.

When to visit

May, June and September are comfortable in the valley; August is the busiest month in Aosta; winter dusts the peaks behind the facade with snow and keeps visitor numbers low.

Getting there

The route descends from the Great St Bernard Pass into Aosta on foot; the city is linked to Turin through Ivrea by train and connecting buses, and valley buses serve villages along the onward route.

Where to stay

Aosta offers hotels and B&Bs at all levels, and credential holders can find pilgrim beds in religious houses here and in villages down the valley route towards Ivrea.

Food & water

Public fountains are common in Aosta, as in most Italian towns, so refill in the old centre; cafes line the pedestrian streets between the arch and the Piazza Chanoux.

Safety

Town-centre ruins with uneven ancient paving — ordinary care. In an emergency dial 112.

Accessibility

The theatre sits within Aosta's flat, compact Roman street grid, so the approach is easy; inside the site expect gravel surfaces and some steps around the remains of the seating.

Visitor tips

Combine the theatre with Porta Praetoria, the cryptoporticus and the cathedral on a short walking circuit of Augusta Praetoria; churches and the tourist office will stamp your credential.

Listen: the audio guide

The Roman Theatre of Aosta: The Rome of the Alps · 4 min 15 s · the whole library

The narration plays in the free Via Francigena appAudio guides are in the app only. Scan to open this one directly — it also starts by itself when you reach the site, and plays with no signal. The full script is below, free to read.

The full narration of this stop's audio guide, in text. The audio itself plays only in the app.

You have come down from the mountains into a town that Rome built, and now a wall of arched masonry rises in front of you, nearly twenty-two metres of pale stone against a backdrop of snow-streaked peaks. This is the Roman theatre of Aosta. Swifts are nesting in the facade where stagehands once climbed. And the boy born in this valley grew up to dream that he climbed those very mountains into the court of God.

Aosta was founded in 25 BC as Augusta Praetoria, a colony planted to hold the approaches to the Alpine passes once the Salassi people had been subdued. People call it the Rome of the Alps, and for once the nickname is honest: the grid of streets you walked to get here is the grid the Roman surveyors pegged out two thousand years ago. They chose their ground well. The city sits on the flat floor of a great glacial trough, a valley that ice-age glaciers carved into a broad U between mountain walls, its level plain laid down by the Dora Baltea after the ice withdrew. The theatre went up late in the reign of Augustus, a few decades after the colony's founding, and an amphitheatre followed nearby under Claudius. Imagine these tiers filling with several thousand colonists and soldiers, watching plays in a valley that had been conquered territory within living memory.

Now, look for four things as you explore. First, the great southern facade itself, tall openings stacked tier upon tier, with the modern town pressing right up to its feet, one of the most striking pairings of Roman stone and mountain anywhere in Italy. Morning light favours it, and in spring or autumn there is often fresh snow on the peaks behind the arches. Second, the marks of its long afterlife. After the empire fell the theatre became a quarry, then a building site: medieval houses crowded into the ruins, and the convent of Saint Catherine took over part of the site altogether. Only in the first half of the twentieth century, in work concluded in the 1930s, was the facade cleared to stand alone again. Third, the residents. Swifts and house martins nest in the facade and the old town walls, black redstarts and kestrels perch on the ledges, and jackdaws squabble in the cavities. And fourth, lift your eyes to the slopes above the city, terraced in vines and dry grassland so sun-baked they feel almost Mediterranean, with golden eagles crossing the ridges beyond.

Aosta has a particular claim on anyone whose road began at Canterbury, because this is the birthplace of Saint Anselm, the philosopher who became Archbishop of Canterbury. His biographer Eadmer tells a lovely story about the boy. Gazing up at the peaks above the city, young Anselm decided that the court of God must sit on their summits, and one night he dreamt that he climbed the mountains and came into that court, where he was made welcome and refreshed with the whitest of bread. You have just come down from those same mountains. The road you are walking joins this child's home to the distant cathedral where his memory is honoured still.

Give yourself a slow circuit before you rest. The Porta Praetoria, the cryptoporticus and the cathedral all lie within a few minutes of here, and the churches and the tourist office will stamp your credential. Watch your footing on the ancient paving, take your boots off for an hour, and let this valley look after you. Then take one last look at Roman arches framed by Alpine snow. Rome founded this town, and Rome is where you are going. Buon cammino.

Also narrated in Deutsch, Italiano, Nederlands

The same guide, written again in each language rather than translated. Open one to read it in full.

Deutsch · 4 min 52 s

Aosta: Römische Bögen im Alpenschnee

Sie sind aus den Bergen herabgekommen, in eine Stadt, die Rom gebaut hat, und nun steht eine Wand aus Bogenmauerwerk vor Ihnen, fast zweiundzwanzig Meter hellen Steins vor schneegestreiften Gipfeln. Das ist das römische Theater von Aosta. Wo einst die Bühnenleute hinaufkletterten, nisten heute Mauersegler. Und der Junge, der in diesem Tal geboren wurde, träumte später, er sei genau diese Berge hinaufgestiegen, hinein in den Hof Gottes.

Aosta wurde 25 vor Christus als Augusta Praetoria gegründet, eine Kolonie, die den Zugang zu den Alpenpässen sichern sollte, nachdem die Salasser unterworfen waren. Man nennt die Stadt das Rom der Alpen, und ausnahmsweise ist der Beiname ehrlich: Das Straßenraster, durch das Sie hierhergelaufen sind, ist das Raster, das römische Feldmesser vor zweitausend Jahren abgesteckt haben. Sie wählten ihren Boden gut. Die Stadt liegt auf dem flachen Grund eines großen Trogtals, das eiszeitliche Gletscher zu einem breiten U zwischen die Bergwände gehobelt haben und dessen ebene Sohle die Dora Baltea nach dem Rückzug des Eises aufgeschüttet hat. Das Theater entstand spät in der Regierungszeit des Augustus, wenige Jahrzehnte nach der Gründung, ein Amphitheater folgte in der Nähe unter Claudius. Stellen Sie sich diese Ränge vor, gefüllt mit mehreren tausend Siedlern und Soldaten, die Theater sehen, in einem Tal, das nach eigener Erinnerung erobertes Gebiet war.

Vier Dinge sollten Sie hier suchen. Erstens: die große Südfassade selbst, hohe Öffnungen, Geschoss über Geschoss gestapelt, und die heutige Stadt drängt bis an ihren Fuß, eine der eindrucksvollsten Begegnungen von römischem Stein und Gebirge in ganz Italien. Das Morgenlicht steht ihr, und im Frühjahr oder Herbst liegt oft frischer Schnee auf den Gipfeln hinter den Bögen. Zweitens: die Spuren ihres langen Nachlebens. Nach dem Untergang des Reiches wurde das Theater erst Steinbruch, dann Baugrund. Mittelalterliche Häuser drängten sich in die Ruine, und das Kloster Santa Caterina nahm einen Teil des Geländes ganz in Besitz. Erst in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, in Arbeiten, die in den 1930er Jahren abgeschlossen wurden, wurde die Fassade freigelegt, damit sie wieder für sich stehen kann. Drittens: die Bewohner. Mauersegler und Mehlschwalben nisten in der Fassade und in den alten Stadtmauern, Hausrotschwänze und Turmfalken sitzen auf den Simsen, und in den Nischen zanken die Dohlen. Und viertens: Heben Sie den Blick zu den Hängen über der Stadt, terrassiert mit Reben und trockenem Grasland, so sonnengebacken, dass sie fast mediterran wirken, und darüber ziehen Steinadler über die Grate.

Aosta hat einen besonderen Anspruch auf jeden, dessen Weg in Canterbury begann, denn hier wurde Anselm geboren, der Philosoph, der Erzbischof von Canterbury wurde. Sein Biograf Eadmer erzählt eine schöne Geschichte über den Jungen. Als er zu den Gipfeln über der Stadt hinaufsah, beschloss der kleine Anselm, der Hof Gottes müsse auf ihren Spitzen liegen, und eines Nachts träumte er, er steige die Berge hinauf und trete in diesen Hof ein, wo man ihn willkommen hieß und ihm das weißeste Brot vorsetzte. Sie sind gerade von genau diesen Bergen heruntergekommen. Der Weg, den Sie gehen, verbindet die Heimat dieses Kindes mit jener fernen Kathedrale, in der sein Andenken bis heute in Ehren steht.

Gönnen Sie sich eine langsame Runde, bevor Sie ausruhen. Die Porta Praetoria, der Kryptoportikus und die Kathedrale liegen alle wenige Minuten von hier, und die Kirchen wie das Fremdenverkehrsamt setzen Ihnen einen Stempel in den Pilgerausweis. Achten Sie auf dem antiken Pflaster auf Ihre Schritte, ziehen Sie für eine Stunde die Schuhe aus und lassen Sie sich von diesem Tal versorgen. Dann werfen Sie noch einen letzten Blick auf römische Bögen, gerahmt von alpinem Schnee. Rom hat diese Stadt gegründet, und nach Rom gehen Sie. Buon cammino.

Italiano · 4 min 07 s

Aosta, il teatro sotto le nevi

Siete scesi dalla montagna dentro una città che ha costruito Roma, e adesso davanti a voi si alza una parete di archi, quasi ventidue metri di pietra chiara contro uno sfondo di cime striate di neve. Questo è il teatro romano di Aosta. I rondoni nidificano nella facciata dove un tempo salivano i macchinisti. E il bambino nato in questa valle è cresciuto sognando di salire proprio su quelle montagne, fino alla corte di Dio.

Aosta nacque nel 25 avanti Cristo come Augusta Praetoria, colonia piantata a tenere gli accessi ai valichi alpini una volta piegati i Salassi. La chiamano la Roma delle Alpi, e per una volta il soprannome è onesto: la scacchiera di strade che avete percorso per arrivare fin qui è quella che gli agrimensori romani picchettarono duemila anni fa. Scelsero bene il terreno. La città sta sul fondo piatto di un grande solco glaciale, una valle che i ghiacciai delle ere fredde hanno scavato a U fra due pareti di monti, e la sua pianura è stata stesa dalla Dora Baltea dopo il ritiro del ghiaccio. Il teatro si alzò negli ultimi anni di Augusto, pochi decenni dopo la fondazione della colonia, e poco lontano, sotto Claudio, seguì un anfiteatro. Provate a riempire queste gradinate con qualche migliaio fra coloni e soldati, a guardare commedie in una valle che era stata terra di conquista a memoria d'uomo.

Ora, quattro cose da cercare. Primo, la grande facciata meridionale, con le sue alte aperture impilate ordine su ordine e la città moderna che le arriva ai piedi: uno degli accostamenti più impressionanti fra pietra romana e montagna che ci siano in Italia. La luce del mattino la favorisce, e in primavera o in autunno dietro gli archi c'è spesso neve fresca. Secondo, i segni della sua lunga seconda vita. Caduto l'impero, il teatro fu prima cava e poi cantiere: le case medievali si affollarono dentro le rovine, e il convento di Santa Caterina si prese addirittura una parte dell'area. Solo nella prima metà del Novecento, con lavori conclusi negli anni Trenta, la facciata fu liberata e tornò a stare da sola. Terzo, gli abitanti. Rondoni e balestrucci nidificano nella facciata e nelle vecchie mura, codirossi spazzacamino e gheppi si posano sui cornicioni, le taccole litigano dentro le cavità. E quarto, alzate gli occhi ai versanti sopra la città, terrazzati a vigna e a prati aridi così cotti dal sole da sembrare quasi mediterranei, con le aquile reali che tagliano le creste più in alto.

Aosta ha un titolo particolare su chiunque sia partito da Canterbury, perché qui nacque sant'Anselmo, il filosofo che divenne arcivescovo proprio di Canterbury. Il suo biografo Eadmero racconta una cosa bellissima sul bambino. Guardando le cime sopra la città, il piccolo Anselmo decise che la corte di Dio doveva stare lassù, sulle vette, e una notte sognò di salire su quelle montagne ed entrare in quella corte, dove fu accolto e ristorato con il pane più bianco che ci fosse. Voi da quelle stesse montagne siete appena scesi. La strada che state facendo tiene insieme la casa di questo bambino e la cattedrale lontana dove la sua memoria è ancora onorata.

Concedetevi un giro lento prima di riposare. La Porta Praetoria, il criptoportico e la cattedrale stanno tutti a pochi minuti da qui, e le chiese e l'ufficio del turismo vi timbrano la credenziale. Attenzione al passo sul lastricato antico, togliete gli scarponi per un'ora e lasciatevi tenere da questa valle. Poi date un ultimo sguardo agli archi romani incorniciati dalla neve alpina. Roma ha fondato questa città. E a Roma state andando voi. Buon cammino.

Nederlands · 5 min 09 s

Aosta, het theater onder de sneeuw

Je bent uit de bergen afgedaald in een stad die Rome heeft gebouwd, en nu rijst er een wand van gemetselde bogen voor je op, bijna tweeëntwintig meter bleke steen tegen een achtergrond van met sneeuw gestreepte toppen. Dit is het Romeinse theater van Aosta. In de gevel nestelen gierzwaluwen waar ooit toneelknechten omhoogklommen. En de jongen die in dit dal werd geboren, groeide op om te dromen dat hij juist die bergen beklom, het hof van God binnen.

Aosta werd in 25 voor Christus gesticht als Augusta Praetoria, een kolonie om de toegang tot de Alpenpassen te bewaken zodra de Salassi eenmaal onderworpen waren. Men noemt de stad het Rome van de Alpen, en die bijnaam is voor één keer eerlijk: het stratenraster waardoor je hierheen bent gelopen, is het raster dat Romeinse landmeters tweeduizend jaar geleden hebben uitgezet. Ze kozen hun grond goed. De stad ligt op de vlakke bodem van een grote gletsjertrog, een dal dat de ijstijdgletsjers tot een brede U tussen de bergwanden hebben uitgeslepen, met een vlakte die de Dora Baltea na het terugtrekken van het ijs heeft aangelegd. Het theater kwam laat in de regering van Augustus tot stand, enkele decennia na de stichting van de kolonie, en onder Claudius volgde er vlakbij een amfitheater. Stel je deze rangen voor, gevuld met enkele duizenden kolonisten en soldaten die naar toneel kijken in een dal dat binnen de herinnering van de levenden nog veroverd gebied was geweest.

Zoek nu vier dingen terwijl je rondloopt. Ten eerste de grote zuidgevel zelf, hoge openingen laag boven laag gestapeld, met de moderne stad die tot vlak tegen zijn voet dringt, een van de treffendste combinaties van Romeinse steen en bergen in heel Italië. Ochtendlicht doet hem het meeste recht, en in het voorjaar of het najaar ligt er vaak verse sneeuw op de toppen achter de bogen. Ten tweede de sporen van zijn lange tweede leven. Toen het rijk was gevallen werd het theater een steengroeve, en daarna een bouwterrein: middeleeuwse huizen drongen de ruïne binnen, en het klooster van Sint-Catharina nam een deel van het terrein helemaal over. Pas in de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw, in werk dat in de jaren dertig werd afgerond, is de gevel vrijgemaakt zodat hij weer op zichzelf staat. Ten derde de bewoners. Gierzwaluwen en huiszwaluwen nestelen in de gevel en de oude stadsmuren, zwarte roodstaarten en torenvalken zitten op de richels, en kauwen kibbelen in de holten. En ten vierde: sla je blik op naar de hellingen boven de stad, geterrasseerd met wijngaarden en droog grasland dat zo door de zon is gebakken dat het bijna mediterraan aanvoelt, met steenarenden die daarachter over de kammen trekken.

Aosta heeft een bijzondere aanspraak op iedereen wiens weg in Canterbury begon, want dit is de geboorteplaats van de heilige Anselmus, de filosoof die aartsbisschop van Canterbury werd. Zijn biograaf Eadmer vertelt een mooi verhaal over die jongen. Omhoogkijkend naar de toppen boven de stad besloot de jonge Anselmus dat het hof van God wel op die pieken moest zetelen, en op een nacht droomde hij dat hij de bergen beklom en dat hof binnenkwam, waar hij werd verwelkomd en verkwikt met het witste brood. Je bent zojuist van diezelfde bergen afgedaald. De weg die je loopt verbindt het thuis van dit kind met de verre kathedraal waar zijn nagedachtenis nog altijd wordt geëerd.

Gun jezelf een rustig rondje voordat je gaat rusten. De Porta Praetoria, de cryptoporticus en de kathedraal liggen allemaal op een paar minuten hiervandaan, en de kerken en het toeristenbureau zetten een stempel in je pelgrimspaspoort. Let op je voeten op de oude bestrating, trek een uurtje je schoenen uit, en laat dit dal voor je zorgen. Kijk dan nog één keer naar Romeinse bogen omlijst door Alpensneeuw. Rome heeft deze stad gesticht, en naar Rome ben je op weg. Buon cammino.

Common questions

How old is Roman Theatre of Aosta?

Roman Theatre of Aosta dates from the Roman (1st century BC) period.

How do I get to Roman Theatre of Aosta?

The route descends from the Great St Bernard Pass into Aosta on foot; the city is linked to Turin through Ivrea by train and connecting buses, and valley buses serve villages along the onward route.

Is Roman Theatre of Aosta accessible?

The theatre sits within Aosta's flat, compact Roman street grid, so the approach is easy; inside the site expect gravel surfaces and some steps around the remains of the seating.

When is the best time to visit Roman Theatre of Aosta?

May, June and September are comfortable in the valley; August is the busiest month in Aosta; winter dusts the peaks behind the facade with snow and keeps visitor numbers low.

Is there food and water at Roman Theatre of Aosta?

Public fountains are common in Aosta, as in most Italian towns, so refill in the old centre; cafes line the pedestrian streets between the arch and the Piazza Chanoux.

Where can I stay near Roman Theatre of Aosta?

Aosta offers hotels and B&Bs at all levels, and credential holders can find pilgrim beds in religious houses here and in villages down the valley route towards Ivrea.

What should I know before visiting Roman Theatre of Aosta?

Combine the theatre with Porta Praetoria, the cryptoporticus and the cathedral on a short walking circuit of Augusta Praetoria; churches and the tourist office will stamp your credential.

Is Roman Theatre of Aosta safe to visit?

Town-centre ruins with uneven ancient paving — ordinary care. In an emergency dial 112.

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