Viterbo is known as the 'City of the Popes', and its grandest monument is the Palazzo dei Papi, the Gothic papal palace built when the popes moved their court here in the 13th century. Its elegant loggia and great hall witnessed the longest papal election in history. The medieval San Pellegrino quarter, with its stone towers, arches, and external staircases, is one of the best-preserved medieval districts in Italy and a memorable stage on the Via Francigena.
Highlights
- The hall of the first conclave, roof removed to hasten the cardinals
- Gothic loggia of the Palazzo dei Papi floating above the Faul valley
- San Pellegrino quarter of towers, arches and external staircases
- Grey peperino stone quarried since Etruscan times
- Dante's steaming Bulicame springs outside the walls to ease tired legs
At a glance
| Period | Medieval (Gothic, 13th century) |
|---|---|
| Stage | 76 — Montefiascone to Viterbo |
Take care
- Dim, stepped and uneven old-town lanes
- Sturdy shoes serve better than sandals
History
The palace was built between 1255 and 1266 at the urging of the popular captain Raniero Gatti, its airy loggia and grand staircase following in 1267, while the papal curia, resident in Viterbo from 1257, made the city the effective capital of the Church. Several popes were elected within these walls before the court moved away after 1281, leaving the building to Viterbo's bishops. One side of the loggia was later demolished, and restoration around the end of the 19th century returned the palace to its medieval appearance.
Myth & legend
It was at the Palazzo dei Papi that the cardinals, unable to agree on a new pope for nearly three years, were finally locked in, and the roof removed to hasten them, giving rise to the very word 'conclave' (cum clave, 'with a key'). The exasperated citizens' tactic at last produced the election of Pope Gregory X in 1271.
Geology
Viterbo is a city of peperino, a tough grey volcanic stone flecked with dark crystals like peppercorns, formed from ignimbrites of the neighbouring Cimini and Vico volcanoes and quarried since Etruscan times. The volcanic heat is not quite finished: west of the walls, sulphurous springs such as the Bulicame, mentioned by Dante, still rise steaming along deep fractures.
Wildlife & nature
Swifts and swallows nest in the eaves and stone towers of the medieval quarter, and the city's fountains and gardens draw blackcaps, serins and black redstarts. Above the town rise the Monti Cimini, where the UNESCO-listed old-growth beech wood of Monte Cimino grades into chestnut, Turkey oak and hornbeam and shelters wolves, scops owls, nightjars and spectacled salamanders.
The view
The Gothic loggia of the Palazzo dei Papi floats above the Faul valley, slender columns framing open sky, with the duomo and grey peperino lanes of San Pellegrino behind.
Photography
Frame the loggia's arcade against the sky from Piazza San Lorenzo, then work the lanes of San Pellegrino, where stone arches and outside stairs suit soft morning light.
When to visit
Spring and autumn are kindest; on 3 September the Macchina di Santa Rosa, a towering illuminated spire carried through the streets at night, packs the city with crowds.
Getting there
Regional trains from Rome serve Viterbo's Porta Romana and Porta Fiorentina stations, and buses fan out across the Tuscia; walkers arrive along the ancient basalt Cassia.
Where to stay
Convent and religious guesthouses in and near the walls welcome credential holders, with hotels and B&Bs in the medieval quarter; book early around Santa Rosa.
Food & water
Viterbo is a city of fountains: medieval fonts flow in nearly every piazza of the old town, so a bottle refills easily between the palace and the San Pellegrino lanes.
Safety
Old-town lanes are dim, stepped and uneven — sturdy shoes serve better than sandals. In an emergency dial 112.
Accessibility
Piazza San Lorenzo is reachable on sloping streets, but the loggia and great hall involve stairs; San Pellegrino's charm lies in cobbles, arches and external steps.
Visitor tips
Get a timbro at the cathedral complex, stand in the hall where the first conclave was forced to a decision, and ease tired legs at the thermal springs outside the city.
Listen: the audio guide
The full narration of this stop's audio guide, in text. The audio itself plays only in the app.
Step into the Piazza San Lorenzo and you are standing where, for a heady half-century, the centre of the Christian world lay. Before you rises the Palazzo dei Papi, a bold Gothic hall lifted above the street on great arches, and beside it floats a loggia so delicate it looks like lace cut from grey stone. Behind those tall windows, cardinals were once locked in, put on plain rations, and finally had the roof stripped away over their heads.
In the mid thirteenth century the popes moved their court from restless Rome to this fortified hill town, and Viterbo has been called the City of the Popes ever since. The palace went up between 1255 and 1266 at the urging of Raniero Gatti, captain of the people, with the airy loggia and the grand ceremonial stair following in 1267, while the papal curia, resident here from 1257, made the city the effective capital of the Church. Several popes were elected within these walls before the court moved away after 1281, leaving the palace to Viterbo's bishops. The city they left behind is built of peperino, a tough grey volcanic stone flecked with dark crystals like peppercorns, forged by the eruptions of the neighbouring Cimini and Vico volcanoes and quarried since Etruscan times.
Now, look for four things. First, the broad ceremonial stair climbing to the palace door, built for processions, and above it the great hall where history was forced to a decision. Second, the loggia of the popes, a screen of slender paired columns and interlacing arches with a fountain playing in its floor and the green Faul valley dropping away below; one side was demolished long ago, which is why it frames open sky. Third, walk south into San Pellegrino, one of the best-preserved medieval quarters in all of Italy, a dim, beautiful maze where arches vault over the lanes, towers shoulder above the rooftops, and outside staircases, the profferli, climb to first-floor doorways, the signature of medieval Viterbo. And fourth, west of the walls, the sulphurous springs such as the Bulicame, mentioned by Dante, which still rise steaming along deep fractures; pilgrims have long eased their tired legs in the thermal waters outside the city.
Now the story that gave the world a word. When Pope Clement the Fourth died in 1268, the cardinals gathered here to choose a successor, and they could not agree. Months went by, then years. The people of Viterbo, hosting the most powerful committee on earth, at last took matters into their own hands. They locked the cardinals inside the palace, and the phrase for it, cum clave, under lock and key, became the word conclave. When even that failed, they cut the meals down to the plainest fare, and finally stripped away part of the roof, leaving their eminences to deliberate beneath the open sky. After thirty-three months, the longest papal election there has ever been, the electors chose Teobaldo Visconti, who was not even a cardinal and was far away on crusade. He returned as Pope Gregory the Tenth, and, having learned the lesson personally, wrote the strict rules of the sealed conclave that the Church follows to this day.
Viterbo keeps its passions alive too. Each year on the third of September, in honour of Santa Rosa, the young patroness of the city, a hundred porters called the facchini shoulder a glowing tower nearly thirty metres tall and carry it at a run through the darkened streets, while the whole city holds its breath.
From the loggia, take a last long look at the hills you have crossed. Viterbo is the final great city of the Via Francigena; beyond it lie only small towns, hazel woods, and at last the domes of Rome. The popes once travelled the very road you are walking. Walk it as they did, expected at the end. Buon cammino.
Also narrated in Deutsch, Italiano, Nederlands
The same guide, written again in each language rather than translated. Open one to read it in full.
Deutsch · 5 min 10 s
Treten Sie auf die Piazza San Lorenzo, und Sie stehen dort, wo für ein aufregendes halbes Jahrhundert die Mitte der christlichen Welt lag. Vor Ihnen erhebt sich der Palazzo dei Papi, ein kühner gotischer Saal, auf großen Bögen über die Straße gehoben, und daneben schwebt eine Loggia, so zart, dass sie wie aus grauem Stein geschnittene Spitze wirkt. Hinter jenen hohen Fenstern wurden Kardinäle einmal eingeschlossen, auf schmale Kost gesetzt und ihnen am Ende das Dach über dem Kopf abgetragen.
Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts verlegten die Päpste ihren Hof aus dem unruhigen Rom in diese befestigte Hügelstadt, und Viterbo heißt seither die Stadt der Päpste. Der Palast entstand zwischen 1255 und 1266 auf Betreiben Raniero Gattis, des Hauptmanns des Volkes, die luftige Loggia und die große Zeremonientreppe folgten 1267, während die päpstliche Kurie, seit 1257 hier ansässig, die Stadt zur tatsächlichen Hauptstadt der Kirche machte. Mehrere Päpste wurden in diesen Mauern gewählt, ehe der Hof nach 1281 wegzog und den Palast den Bischöfen Viterbos hinterließ. Die Stadt, die er zurückließ, ist aus Peperino gebaut, einem zähen grauen Vulkangestein, gesprenkelt mit dunklen Kristallen wie Pfefferkörner, geschmiedet in den Ausbrüchen der benachbarten Cimini- und Vico-Vulkane und seit etruskischer Zeit gebrochen.
Vier Dinge sollten Sie suchen. Erstens: die breite Zeremonientreppe, die zur Palasttür hinaufsteigt, für Prozessionen gebaut, und darüber den großen Saal, in dem die Geschichte zu einer Entscheidung gezwungen wurde. Zweitens: die Loggia der Päpste, einen Schirm aus schlanken Doppelsäulen und ineinandergreifenden Bögen, mit einem Brunnen, der in ihrem Boden spielt, und dem grünen Faul-Tal, das dahinter abfällt; eine Seite wurde vor langer Zeit abgebrochen, weshalb sie heute offenen Himmel rahmt. Drittens: Gehen Sie nach Süden in das Viertel San Pellegrino, eines der besterhaltenen mittelalterlichen Quartiere ganz Italiens, ein dämmriges, schönes Labyrinth, in dem Bögen über die Gassen springen, Türme über die Dächer ragen und Außentreppen, die Profferli, zu Türen im ersten Stock hinaufführen, das Erkennungszeichen des mittelalterlichen Viterbo. Und viertens, westlich der Mauern, die Schwefelquellen wie den Bulicame, den Dante erwähnt, die noch immer dampfend entlang tiefer Spalten aufsteigen; Pilger haben ihre müden Beine seit jeher in den Thermalwassern vor der Stadt gelöst.
Nun die Geschichte, die der Welt ein Wort geschenkt hat. Als Papst Klemens der Vierte 1268 starb, versammelten sich die Kardinäle hier, um einen Nachfolger zu wählen, und sie konnten sich nicht einigen. Monate vergingen, dann Jahre. Die Bürger von Viterbo, Gastgeber des mächtigsten Gremiums der Erde, nahmen die Sache schließlich selbst in die Hand. Sie schlossen die Kardinäle im Palast ein, und der Ausdruck dafür, cum clave, unter Verschluss, wurde zum Wort Konklave. Als auch das nichts half, kürzten sie die Mahlzeiten auf das Einfachste, und zuletzt trugen sie einen Teil des Daches ab und ließen die Herren unter offenem Himmel weiterberaten. Nach dreiunddreißig Monaten, der längsten Papstwahl, die es je gab, entschieden sich die Wähler für Teobaldo Visconti, der nicht einmal Kardinal und weit weg auf einem Kreuzzug war. Er kehrte als Papst Gregor der Zehnte zurück und schrieb, da er die Lektion am eigenen Leib gelernt hatte, jene strengen Regeln des versiegelten Konklaves, denen die Kirche bis heute folgt.
Viterbo hält auch seine Leidenschaften wach. Jedes Jahr am dritten September schultern zu Ehren der heiligen Rosa, der jungen Patronin der Stadt, hundert Träger, die Facchini genannt, einen leuchtenden Turm von fast dreißig Metern Höhe und tragen ihn im Laufschritt durch die verdunkelten Straßen, während die ganze Stadt den Atem anhält.
Werfen Sie von der Loggia aus einen letzten langen Blick auf die Hügel, die Sie überquert haben. Viterbo ist die letzte große Stadt der Via Francigena; dahinter liegen nur noch kleine Orte, Haselwälder und endlich die Kuppeln von Rom. Die Päpste sind einst genau den Weg gereist, den Sie gehen. Gehen Sie ihn wie sie, am Ende erwartet. Buon cammino.
Italiano · 4 min 45 s
Entrate in piazza San Lorenzo e vi trovate dove, per un mezzo secolo esaltante, stava il centro del mondo cristiano. Davanti a voi si alza il Palazzo dei Papi, un'ardita aula gotica sollevata sulla strada da grandi archi, e accanto galleggia una loggia così leggera da sembrare merletto tagliato nella pietra grigia. Dietro quelle finestre alte, dei cardinali furono chiusi a chiave, messi a pane e acqua, e alla fine si videro togliere il tetto da sopra la testa.
A metà del tredicesimo secolo i papi spostarono la loro corte dall'inquieta Roma a questa città fortificata sul colle, e da allora Viterbo è la Città dei Papi. Il palazzo fu costruito fra il 1255 e il 1266 per volontà di Raniero Gatti, capitano del popolo, con la loggia ariosa e la grande scala cerimoniale a seguire nel 1267, mentre la curia pontificia, qui residente dal 1257, faceva della città la capitale effettiva della Chiesa. Fra queste mura furono eletti diversi papi, prima che dopo il 1281 la corte se ne andasse, lasciando il palazzo ai vescovi di Viterbo. La città che si lasciarono alle spalle è fatta di peperino, una dura pietra vulcanica grigia punteggiata di cristalli scuri come grani di pepe, forgiata dalle eruzioni dei vicini vulcani Cimini e di Vico e cavata fin dagli etruschi.
Ora, quattro cose da cercare. Primo, l'ampia scala cerimoniale che sale alla porta del palazzo, fatta per le processioni, e sopra di essa il salone dove la storia fu costretta a decidere. Secondo, la loggia dei papi, un diaframma di sottili colonne binate e archi intrecciati, con una fontana che gioca nel pavimento e la verde valle del Faul che sprofonda là sotto; un lato fu demolito molto tempo fa, ed è per questo che oggi inquadra cielo aperto. Terzo, scendete verso sud in San Pellegrino, uno dei quartieri medievali meglio conservati d'Italia, un labirinto bellissimo e in ombra dove gli archi scavalcano i vicoli, le torri si affacciano sopra i tetti e le scale esterne, i profferli, salgono alle porte del primo piano: la firma della Viterbo medievale. E quarto, fuori dalle mura a ovest, le sorgenti sulfuree come il Bulicame, quello di Dante, che risalgono ancora fumando lungo fratture profonde; da sempre i pellegrini vi hanno sciolto le gambe stanche nelle acque termali.
E adesso la storia che ha regalato una parola al mondo. Alla morte di papa Clemente IV, nel 1268, i cardinali si riunirono qui per scegliere il successore, e non riuscirono a mettersi d'accordo. Passarono mesi, poi anni. I viterbesi, che ospitavano il comitato più potente della terra, alla fine presero la faccenda in mano. Chiusero i cardinali dentro il palazzo, e l'espressione per dirlo, cum clave, sotto chiave, è diventata la parola conclave. Quando neanche quello bastò, ridussero i pasti al minimo, e per finire scoperchiarono una parte del tetto, lasciando le eminenze a deliberare sotto il cielo aperto. Dopo trentatré mesi, l'elezione papale più lunga di sempre, gli elettori scelsero Teobaldo Visconti, che non era nemmeno cardinale e si trovava lontano, in crociata. Tornò come papa Gregorio X e, avendo imparato la lezione di persona, scrisse le regole severe del conclave sigillato che la Chiesa segue ancora oggi.
Viterbo tiene vive anche le sue passioni. Ogni anno, il tre settembre, in onore di santa Rosa, la giovane patrona della città, cento facchini si caricano in spalla una torre luminosa di quasi trenta metri e la portano di corsa per le strade al buio, mentre la città intera trattiene il respiro.
Dalla loggia, date un ultimo lungo sguardo alle colline che avete attraversato. Viterbo è l'ultima grande città della Via Francigena; oltre restano solo paesi piccoli, boschi di nocciolo, e infine le cupole di Roma. I papi hanno percorso la stessa strada che state percorrendo voi. Percorretela come loro: attesi, in fondo. Buon cammino.
Nederlands · 5 min 37 s
Stap de Piazza San Lorenzo op en je staat waar een halve eeuw lang, in volle roes, het middelpunt van de christelijke wereld lag. Voor je rijst het Palazzo dei Papi op, een stoutmoedige gotische zaal die op grote bogen boven de straat is getild, en ernaast zweeft een loggia die zo fijn is dat hij op kant uit grijze steen gesneden lijkt. Achter die hoge vensters werden kardinalen ooit opgesloten, op schraal rantsoen gezet, en ten slotte werd het dak boven hun hoofden weggehaald.
Halverwege de dertiende eeuw verplaatsten de pausen hun hof van het onrustige Rome naar dit versterkte heuvelstadje, en sindsdien heet Viterbo de stad van de pausen. Het paleis verrees tussen 1255 en 1266 op aandringen van Raniero Gatti, de hoofdman van het volk, met de luchtige loggia en de grote ceremoniële trap in 1267, terwijl de pauselijke curie, hier vanaf 1257 gevestigd, de stad tot de feitelijke hoofdstad van de Kerk maakte. Verscheidene pausen zijn binnen deze muren gekozen voordat het hof na 1281 wegtrok en het paleis aan de bisschoppen van Viterbo naliet. De stad die ze achterlieten is gebouwd van peperino, een taaie grijze vulkanische steen gespikkeld met donkere kristallen als peperkorrels, gesmeed door de uitbarstingen van de naburige Cimini- en Vico-vulkanen en al sinds Etruskische tijden gewonnen.
Zoek nu vier dingen. Ten eerste de brede ceremoniële trap die naar de paleisdeur klimt, gebouwd voor processies, en daarboven de grote zaal waar de geschiedenis tot een besluit werd gedwongen. Ten tweede de loggia van de pausen, een scherm van slanke gepaarde zuilen en ineengrijpende bogen met een fontein die in de vloer speelt en het groene Fauldal dat eronder wegvalt; één zijde is lang geleden gesloopt, en daarom omlijst hij nu open hemel. Ten derde: loop naar het zuiden de wijk San Pellegrino in, een van de best bewaarde middeleeuwse buurten van heel Italië, een schemerig, prachtig doolhof waar bogen over de steegjes gewelfd staan, torens boven de daken uit schouderen en buitentrappen, de profferli, naar deuren op de eerste verdieping klimmen, het handschrift van het middeleeuwse Viterbo. En ten vierde, ten westen van de muren, de zwavelbronnen zoals de Bulicame, door Dante genoemd, die nog altijd dampend langs diepe breuken opwellen; pelgrims verlichten hun vermoeide benen al heel lang in de thermale wateren buiten de stad.
En dan het verhaal dat de wereld een woord heeft gegeven. Toen paus Clemens de Vierde in 1268 stierf, kwamen de kardinalen hier bijeen om een opvolger te kiezen, en ze werden het niet eens. Maanden gingen voorbij, toen jaren. De inwoners van Viterbo, gastheer van de machtigste commissie op aarde, namen ten slotte het heft in eigen hand. Ze sloten de kardinalen op in het paleis, en de uitdrukking daarvoor, cum clave, achter slot en grendel, werd het woord conclaaf. Toen zelfs dat niet hielp, brachten ze de maaltijden terug tot de soberste kost, en haalden ze uiteindelijk een deel van het dak weg, zodat hunne eminenties onder de blote hemel verder beraadslaagden. Na drieëndertig maanden, de langste pauskeuze die er ooit is geweest, kozen de kiezers Teobaldo Visconti, die niet eens kardinaal was en ver weg op kruistocht verbleef. Hij keerde terug als paus Gregorius de Tiende, en omdat hij de les aan den lijve had geleerd, schreef hij de strenge regels voor het verzegelde conclaaf die de Kerk tot op vandaag volgt.
Viterbo houdt ook zijn hartstochten levend. Elk jaar op 3 september, ter ere van Santa Rosa, de jonge patrones van de stad, tillen honderd dragers, de facchini, een gloeiende toren van bijna dertig meter op hun schouders en dragen die in looppas door de verduisterde straten, terwijl de hele stad de adem inhoudt.
Kijk vanaf de loggia nog één keer lang naar de heuvels die je bent overgestoken. Viterbo is de laatste grote stad van de Via Francigena; daarachter liggen alleen nog kleine plaatsen, hazelaarbossen, en ten slotte de koepels van Rome. De pausen reisden ooit precies de weg die jij loopt. Loop hem zoals zij het deden: aan het eind wordt je verwacht. Buon cammino.
Common questions
How old is Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo?
Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo dates from the Medieval (Gothic, 13th century) period.
How do I get to Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo?
Regional trains from Rome serve Viterbo's Porta Romana and Porta Fiorentina stations, and buses fan out across the Tuscia; walkers arrive along the ancient basalt Cassia.
Is Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo accessible?
Piazza San Lorenzo is reachable on sloping streets, but the loggia and great hall involve stairs; San Pellegrino's charm lies in cobbles, arches and external steps.
When is the best time to visit Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo?
Spring and autumn are kindest; on 3 September the Macchina di Santa Rosa, a towering illuminated spire carried through the streets at night, packs the city with crowds.
Is there food and water at Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo?
Viterbo is a city of fountains: medieval fonts flow in nearly every piazza of the old town, so a bottle refills easily between the palace and the San Pellegrino lanes.
Where can I stay near Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo?
Convent and religious guesthouses in and near the walls welcome credential holders, with hotels and B&Bs in the medieval quarter; book early around Santa Rosa.
What should I know before visiting Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo?
Get a timbro at the cathedral complex, stand in the hall where the first conclave was forced to a decision, and ease tired legs at the thermal springs outside the city.
Is Palazzo dei Papi, Viterbo safe to visit?
Old-town lanes are dim, stepped and uneven — sturdy shoes serve better than sandals. In an emergency dial 112.
Nearby on the route
Plan the visit
Browse every heritage site on the culture & history index, see where it falls on the route, or get the free Via Francigena app for offline maps, GPS and audio guides.