Roman foundation; medieval centre · Via Francigena

Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli

Founded by the Romans in 218 BC as Placentia at the western end of the Via Aemilia, Piacenza was a key crossing of the River Po for travellers heading south. Its monumental heart is the Piazza Cavalli, named for the two great bronze equestrian statues that flank the Gothic town hall, Il Gotico. The Romanesque cathedral and the city's churches mark Piacenza as one of the most important Po-valley stations on the Via Francigena.

Highlights

At a glance

PeriodRoman foundation; medieval centre
Stage52 — Santa Cristina e Bissone to Piacenza

Take care

History

In 1095 Pope Urban II presided over a great church council at Piacenza, where envoys from Byzantium appealed for aid months before the First Crusade was preached. A free commune from the 12th century and a leading member of the Lombard League, the city passed in 1545 into the new Farnese duchy of Parma and Piacenza; Francesco Mochi cast the two bronze equestrian dukes of Piazza Cavalli in the 1620s. On 10 May 1848 Piacenza voted almost unanimously to join Piedmont, earning the title Primogenita, firstborn of Italian unity.

Myth & legend

Legend makes Piacenza's patron, St Antoninus, a standard-bearer of the fabled Theban Legion, a Roman unit of Christian soldiers, martyred near Travo around 303 AD. His basilica, raised over the relics, stood on the pilgrim road to Rome, and travellers long paused there to seek his protection.

Geology

Piacenza commands the crossing where the Trebbia, descending from the Apennines, spreads its gravels toward the Po, on a plain built wholly of river-laid sediment. The alluvium beneath the city is hundreds of metres thick, with bedrock far out of reach, so Roman and medieval builders alike turned the plain's clay into brick for walls, churches and towers.

Wildlife & nature

Where the Trebbia meets the Po just west of the city, wide gravel bars and braided channels give nesting ground to little ringed plovers and stone curlews and pull in grey herons, night herons and egrets on migration. Poplar and willow galleries line the banks, and bee-eaters dig their tunnels in the sandy cuts.

The view

Piazza Cavalli is the set piece — two great baroque bronze horsemen rearing before the striped brick and marble of Il Gotico, with the Romanesque Duomo rising a few streets away.

Photography

Low evening light suits the equestrian bronzes against Il Gotico's facade; a wide lens from the south side of the piazza takes in both statues, and the Duomo front is best in soft morning light.

When to visit

April to June and September are the comfortable months on the Po plain; August is hot and much of the city goes quiet for the holidays; winter fog is frequent and can linger all day.

Getting there

Piacenza is a main-line rail hub between Milan and Bologna with regional links towards Turin; the walking route crosses the Po nearby and passes through the city centre on foot.

Where to stay

Pilgrim hostels and religious houses in and around the city accept the credential, with booking usually by phone; hotels and B&Bs fill the gaps, and the next stages are well supplied.

Food & water

Public fountains and cafes are easy to find in the centre, as in most Italian towns; fill up before the long, flat farmland stages that follow towards Fiorenzuola.

Safety

City traffic around the piazza and summer heat on the open cobbles — ordinary urban care. In an emergency dial 112.

Accessibility

The historic centre is flat and compact, so walking is easy, though the piazza and older streets are cobbled; the main sights sit within a few level minutes of one another.

Visitor tips

Collect a timbro at the Duomo or your hostel, and look into the Basilica of Sant'Antonino, long associated with passing pilgrims, before setting out across the plain along the old Via Emilia.

Listen: the audio guide

Piacenza: The Bronze Horsemen of the Po · 4 min 08 s · the whole library

The narration plays in the free Via Francigena appAudio guides are in the app only. Scan to open this one directly — it also starts by itself when you reach the site, and plays with no signal. The full script is below, free to read.

The full narration of this stop's audio guide, in text. The audio itself plays only in the app.

You are standing in a square that seems built to be arrived at. Two enormous bronze horsemen rear above you, hooves lifted, cloaks flying, and behind them rises a battlemented medieval town hall banded in red brick and pale marble. This is the Piazza Cavalli, the heart of Piacenza, a city where a pope once heard the appeal that came before a crusade, and where a soldier of a legendary legion has watched over pilgrims for centuries.

Piacenza is old in the way only a road town can be. The Romans founded it in 218 BC as Placentia, a colony at the western end of the Via Aemilia, the great highway running dead straight across Emilia, and it guarded a crossing of the Po. Whoever held the crossing held the way south, and a thousand years later that same logic made the city one of the essential Po-valley stations of the Via Francigena. Piacenza grew into a proud free commune and a leading member of the Lombard League, passed in 1545 into the new Farnese duchy of Parma and Piacenza, and then, in 1848, voted almost unanimously to join Piedmont, earning the title it still wears: Primogenita, the firstborn of Italian unity. The flagstones under your boots have carried merchants, armies, mule trains and pilgrims in more or less continuous procession for two thousand years.

Now, look for four things as you explore. First, the horses that give the square its name: two baroque equestrian statues of the Farnese dukes, cast by Francesco Mochi in the 1620s, all movement and flying drapery at a time when most such monuments stood stiffly to attention. Second, Il Gotico behind them, the Gothic town hall with its battlemented crown and the ground-level arcade where the market once spilled through. Brick, notice, not stone: the plain beneath Piacenza is river-laid sediment hundreds of metres deep, so builders here have always turned clay into architecture. Third, a few streets away, the Romanesque cathedral, where you can ask for a timbro for your credential. And fourth, the Basilica of Sant'Antonino, long associated with passing pilgrims, raised over the relics of the city's patron beside the old road to Rome. Travellers have paused there for centuries to ask his protection before setting out across the plain, and you may as well join them.

Piacenza has a habit of hosting large moments. In 1095 Pope Urban II presided over a great church council here, and in the middle of it envoys from Byzantium stood up and appealed for help against the Turks, months before the First Crusade was preached at Clermont. Whatever you make of everything that followed, and the centuries have made much of it, it began as a conversation in this city, churchmen and ambassadors standing on this same river plain, weighing a request from the far side of the known world.

As for Antoninus, legend makes him a standard-bearer of the Theban Legion, that fabled Roman unit of Christian soldiers, martyred near Travo around 303 AD. The story cannot be checked, and it does not need to be. What is certain is that his basilica stood on the pilgrim road, and that walkers like you have been commending their journeys to him for a very long time.

Fill your bottles, take a last look at the horsemen frozen mid-stride while everyone around them keeps moving, and let the old Via Emilia lead you out to the south. The plain is long, the road is straight, and Rome is a good way off yet, but this city has been sending pilgrims on their way for a thousand years. Buon cammino.

Also narrated in Deutsch, Italiano, Nederlands

The same guide, written again in each language rather than translated. Open one to read it in full.

Deutsch · 4 min 56 s

Piacenza: Die Erstgeborene am Po

Sie stehen auf einem Platz, der gebaut scheint, um betreten zu werden. Zwei gewaltige bronzene Reiter bäumen sich über Ihnen auf, die Hufe erhoben, die Mäntel im Flug, und dahinter steigt ein zinnengekrönter mittelalterlicher Rathausbau auf, gebändert in rotem Ziegel und hellem Marmor. Das ist die Piazza Cavalli, das Herz von Piacenza, einer Stadt, in der ein Papst einmal jenen Hilferuf hörte, der einem Kreuzzug voranging, und in der ein Soldat einer legendären Legion seit Jahrhunderten über die Pilger wacht.

Piacenza ist alt auf jene Weise, wie nur eine Stadt an einer Straße alt sein kann. Die Römer gründeten sie 218 vor Christus als Placentia, eine Kolonie am Westende der Via Aemilia, jener großen schnurgeraden Straße quer durch die Emilia, und sie sicherte einen Übergang über den Po. Wer den Übergang hielt, hielt den Weg nach Süden, und tausend Jahre später machte dieselbe Logik die Stadt zu einer der unverzichtbaren Stationen der Via Francigena in der Poebene. Piacenza wuchs zu einer stolzen freien Kommune und zu einem führenden Mitglied des Lombardenbundes, kam 1545 an das neue Herzogtum Parma und Piacenza der Farnese und stimmte dann 1848 fast einstimmig für den Anschluss an Piemont, was ihr den Titel eintrug, den sie bis heute trägt: Primogenita, die Erstgeborene der italienischen Einheit. Die Platten unter Ihren Schuhen haben Kaufleute, Heere, Maultierzüge und Pilger in mehr oder weniger ununterbrochener Folge getragen, zweitausend Jahre lang.

Vier Dinge sollten Sie hier suchen. Erstens: die Pferde, die dem Platz den Namen geben, zwei barocke Reiterstandbilder der Farnese-Herzöge, in den 1620er Jahren von Francesco Mochi gegossen, ganz Bewegung und fliegender Stoff zu einer Zeit, als solche Denkmäler meist stramm dastanden. Zweitens: den Gotico dahinter, das gotische Rathaus mit seiner Zinnenkrone und den ebenerdigen Arkaden, durch die einst der Markt quoll. Ziegel, wohlgemerkt, nicht Stein: Die Ebene unter Piacenza ist hunderte Meter tiefer Flussboden, und darum haben die Baumeister hier immer Lehm in Architektur verwandelt. Drittens: ein paar Straßen weiter die romanische Kathedrale, wo Sie um einen Stempel für Ihren Pilgerausweis bitten können. Und viertens: die Basilika Sant'Antonino, seit jeher mit den durchziehenden Pilgern verbunden, errichtet über den Reliquien des Stadtpatrons, neben der alten Straße nach Rom. Reisende halten dort seit Jahrhunderten inne, um seinen Schutz zu erbitten, bevor sie über die Ebene aufbrechen, und Sie können sich ruhig anschließen.

Piacenza hat die Angewohnheit, große Augenblicke zu beherbergen. 1095 leitete Papst Urban der Zweite hier ein großes Kirchenkonzil, und mitten darin standen Gesandte aus Byzanz auf und baten um Hilfe gegen die Türken, Monate bevor in Clermont der erste Kreuzzug gepredigt wurde. Was immer Sie von allem halten, was danach kam, und die Jahrhunderte haben viel daraus gemacht, es begann als Gespräch in dieser Stadt, Kirchenmänner und Gesandte auf derselben Flussebene, die eine Bitte von der anderen Seite der bekannten Welt abwogen.

Von Antoninus sagt die Legende, er sei Fahnenträger der Thebäischen Legion gewesen, jener sagenhaften römischen Einheit christlicher Soldaten, und um das Jahr 303 bei Travo den Märtyrertod gestorben. Die Geschichte lässt sich nicht überprüfen, und sie muss es auch nicht. Sicher ist, dass seine Basilika an der Pilgerstraße stand und dass Gehende wie Sie ihm ihre Reise seit sehr langer Zeit anvertrauen.

Füllen Sie Ihre Flaschen, werfen Sie einen letzten Blick auf die Reiter, mitten im Schritt erstarrt, während alles um sie herum weitergeht, und lassen Sie sich von der alten Via Emilia nach Süden hinausführen. Die Ebene ist lang, die Straße ist gerade, und bis Rom ist es noch ein gutes Stück, aber diese Stadt schickt Pilger seit tausend Jahren auf den Weg. Buon cammino.

Italiano · 4 min 21 s

Piacenza, i cavalli e la Primogenita

Siete in una piazza che sembra fatta apposta per essere raggiunta. Due enormi cavalieri di bronzo si impennano sopra di voi, zoccoli sollevati, mantelli al vento, e dietro di loro si alza un palazzo comunale merlato, a fasce di mattone rosso e marmo chiaro. Questa è piazza Cavalli, il cuore di Piacenza, la città dove un papa ascoltò l'appello che venne prima di una crociata, e dove un soldato di una legione leggendaria veglia da secoli sui pellegrini.

Piacenza è antica come solo una città di strada sa esserlo. La fondarono i Romani nel 218 avanti Cristo come Placentia, colonia all'estremità occidentale della Via Emilia, la grande direttrice che taglia dritta tutta la regione, e presidiava un passaggio sul Po. Chi teneva il guado teneva la via del sud, e mille anni dopo la stessa logica ha fatto della città una delle stazioni padane indispensabili della Via Francigena. Piacenza divenne un fiero comune libero e un membro di primo piano della Lega Lombarda, passò nel 1545 al nuovo ducato farnesiano di Parma e Piacenza, e poi, nel 1848, votò quasi all'unanimità l'unione al Piemonte, guadagnandosi il titolo che porta ancora: Primogenita. Le pietre che avete sotto gli scarponi hanno portato mercanti, eserciti, carovane di muli e pellegrini in processione più o meno ininterrotta per duemila anni.

Ora, quattro cose da cercare. Primo, i cavalli che danno il nome alla piazza: due statue equestri barocche dei duchi Farnese, fuse da Francesco Mochi negli anni Venti del Seicento, tutte movimento e panneggi in volo in un'epoca in cui monumenti del genere stavano quasi sempre sull'attenti. Secondo, il Gotico alle loro spalle, il palazzo comunale con la sua corona di merli e il portico a terra dove un tempo dilagava il mercato. E notate: mattone, non pietra. Sotto Piacenza la pianura è sedimento di fiume per centinaia di metri, e qui chi costruisce ha sempre trasformato l'argilla in architettura. Terzo, a poche strade da qui, la cattedrale romanica, dove potete chiedere il timbro per la credenziale. E quarto, la basilica di Sant'Antonino, legata da sempre ai pellegrini di passaggio, alzata sulle reliquie del patrono accanto alla vecchia strada di Roma. Da secoli chi viaggia si ferma lì a chiedere la sua protezione prima di affrontare la pianura, e potete tranquillamente mettervi in fila anche voi.

Piacenza ha il vizio di ospitare momenti grandi. Nel 1095 papa Urbano II vi presiedette un grande concilio, e nel mezzo dei lavori gli inviati di Bisanzio si alzarono a chiedere aiuto contro i Turchi, mesi prima che a Clermont si bandisse la prima crociata. Qualunque idea abbiate di tutto quello che seguì, e i secoli se ne sono fatta parecchia, cominciò come una conversazione in questa città: uomini di chiesa e ambasciatori, in piedi su questa stessa pianura di fiume, a soppesare una richiesta arrivata dall'altro capo del mondo conosciuto.

Quanto ad Antonino, la leggenda lo vuole vessillifero della Legione Tebea, la mitica unità romana di soldati cristiani, martirizzato dalle parti di Travo intorno al 303. La storia non si può verificare, e non ne ha bisogno. Di sicuro c'è che la sua basilica stava sulla strada dei pellegrini, e che gente come voi si affida a lui da moltissimo tempo.

Riempite le borracce, date un ultimo sguardo ai cavalieri fermati a mezzo passo mentre intorno a loro tutti continuano a muoversi, e lasciate che la vecchia Via Emilia vi porti fuori verso sud. La pianura è lunga, la strada è dritta, e Roma è ancora parecchio lontana, ma questa città rimette in cammino i pellegrini da mille anni. Buon cammino.

Nederlands · 5 min 21 s

Piacenza, de bronzen ruiters

Je staat op een plein dat gebouwd lijkt om naartoe te komen. Twee enorme bronzen ruiters steigeren boven je uit, hoeven omhoog, mantels vliegend, en achter hen rijst een middeleeuws stadhuis met kantelen op, gebandeerd in rode baksteen en bleek marmer. Dit is de Piazza Cavalli, het hart van Piacenza, een stad waar ooit een paus de smeekbede aanhoorde die aan een kruistocht voorafging, en waar een soldaat van een legendarisch legioen al eeuwen over pelgrims waakt.

Piacenza is oud op de manier waarop alleen een wegstad oud kan zijn. De Romeinen stichtten haar in 218 voor Christus als Placentia, een kolonie aan het westelijke uiteinde van de Via Aemilia, de grote heerbaan die kaarsrecht dwars door Emilia loopt, en ze bewaakte een oversteek over de Po. Wie de oversteek hield, hield de weg naar het zuiden, en duizend jaar later maakte diezelfde logica de stad tot een van de onmisbare Po-haltes van de Via Francigena. Piacenza groeide uit tot een trotse vrije commune en een vooraanstaand lid van de Lombardische Liga, ging in 1545 op in het nieuwe Farnese-hertogdom Parma en Piacenza, en stemde toen, in 1848, vrijwel unaniem voor aansluiting bij Piëmont, waarmee ze de titel verdiende die ze nog altijd draagt: Primogenita, de eerstgeborene van de Italiaanse eenwording. De tegels onder je schoenen hebben tweeduizend jaar lang in min of meer onafgebroken stoet kooplieden, legers, muilezelkaravanen en pelgrims gedragen.

Zoek nu vier dingen terwijl je rondloopt. Ten eerste de paarden die het plein zijn naam geven: twee barokke ruiterstandbeelden van de Farnese-hertogen, in de jaren twintig van de zeventiende eeuw gegoten door Francesco Mochi, één en al beweging en wapperend gewaad in een tijd waarin de meeste van zulke monumenten stijf in de houding stonden. Ten tweede Il Gotico daarachter, het gotische stadhuis met zijn kroon van kantelen en de arcade op straatniveau waar de markt ooit doorheen golfde. Baksteen, let wel, geen natuursteen: de vlakte onder Piacenza is honderden meters diep rivierafzetsel, dus bouwers hebben hier altijd klei tot architectuur gemaakt. Ten derde, een paar straten verderop, de romaanse kathedraal, waar je om een timbro voor je pelgrimspaspoort kunt vragen. En ten vierde de basiliek van Sant'Antonino, van oudsher verbonden met passerende pelgrims, opgericht boven de relieken van de patroonheilige van de stad, naast de oude weg naar Rome. Reizigers houden daar al eeuwen halt om zijn bescherming te vragen voor ze de vlakte in trekken, en je kunt je daar net zo goed bij aansluiten.

Piacenza heeft de gewoonte grote momenten te herbergen. In 1095 zat paus Urbanus de Tweede hier een groot kerkconcilie voor, en midden daarin stonden gezanten uit Byzantium op en vroegen om hulp tegen de Turken, maanden voordat in Clermont de Eerste Kruistocht werd gepredikt. Wat je ook vindt van alles wat daarop volgde, en de eeuwen hebben daar veel van gemaakt, het begon als een gesprek in deze stad, kerkelijke gezagsdragers en ambassadeurs die op deze zelfde riviervlakte stonden en een verzoek van de andere kant van de bekende wereld wogen.

Wat Antoninus betreft: de legende maakt hem tot vaandeldrager van het Thebaanse Legioen, die befaamde Romeinse eenheid van christelijke soldaten, en laat hem rond het jaar 303 bij Travo de marteldood sterven. Het verhaal valt niet te controleren, en dat hoeft ook niet. Zeker is dat zijn basiliek aan de pelgrimsweg stond, en dat wandelaars zoals jij hun reis al heel lang aan hem toevertrouwen.

Vul je flessen, werp een laatste blik op de ruiters die midden in hun sprong bevroren zijn terwijl iedereen om hen heen doorloopt, en laat de oude Via Emilia je de stad uit voeren, naar het zuiden. De vlakte is lang, de weg is recht, en Rome ligt nog een flink eind weg, maar deze stad stuurt al duizend jaar pelgrims op pad. Buon cammino.

Common questions

How old is Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli?

Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli dates from the Roman foundation; medieval centre period.

How do I get to Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli?

Piacenza is a main-line rail hub between Milan and Bologna with regional links towards Turin; the walking route crosses the Po nearby and passes through the city centre on foot.

Is Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli accessible?

The historic centre is flat and compact, so walking is easy, though the piazza and older streets are cobbled; the main sights sit within a few level minutes of one another.

When is the best time to visit Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli?

April to June and September are the comfortable months on the Po plain; August is hot and much of the city goes quiet for the holidays; winter fog is frequent and can linger all day.

Is there food and water at Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli?

Public fountains and cafes are easy to find in the centre, as in most Italian towns; fill up before the long, flat farmland stages that follow towards Fiorenzuola.

Where can I stay near Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli?

Pilgrim hostels and religious houses in and around the city accept the credential, with booking usually by phone; hotels and B&Bs fill the gaps, and the next stages are well supplied.

What should I know before visiting Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli?

Collect a timbro at the Duomo or your hostel, and look into the Basilica of Sant'Antonino, long associated with passing pilgrims, before setting out across the plain along the old Via Emilia.

Is Piacenza and the Piazza Cavalli safe to visit?

City traffic around the piazza and summer heat on the open cobbles — ordinary urban care. In an emergency dial 112.

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