Monteriggioni is a tiny, perfectly preserved walled village crowning a low hill in the Tuscan hills, built by the Republic of Siena around 1213 as a frontier fortress against Florence. Its circular curtain wall is studded with fourteen towers, and within sits a single small square, a Romanesque church, and a handful of houses. For pilgrims on the Via Francigena it was, and remains, an unforgettable landmark on the approach to Siena.
Highlights
- An unbroken ring of walls and fourteen towers crowning its low hill
- Dante's Inferno image of giants circling like Monteriggioni's towers
- Walls never taken by storm through three centuries of sieges
- The 1554 betrayal when the garrison commander handed over the keys
- Timbro in the village or at the Abbadia a Isola pilgrim halt
At a glance
| Period | Medieval (13th century) |
|---|---|
| Stage | 68 — Colle di Val d'Elsa to Monteriggioni |
Take care
- Low rails in places on the rampart walkways — mind children
- Uneven cobbles through the village
History
Siena's new border fortress was complete by about 1219, and for three centuries it did its work: Florentine sieges from 1244 onward broke against walls that by tradition were never taken by storm. The end came in April 1554, when the garrison commander Giovannino Zeti handed the keys to Medici forces without a fight, remembered ever since as the great betrayal. Siena itself capitulated the following year, and Monteriggioni settled into the quiet farming village whose walls survive intact.
Myth & legend
Dante immortalised Monteriggioni in the Inferno, comparing its ring of towers to the giants encircling the lowest pit of Hell: 'as on its round wall Montereggion crowns itself with towers'. The image has fixed the village in the European imagination ever since.
Geology
Monteriggioni's walls are calcare cavernoso, a pitted, spongy-looking Triassic dolomitic breccia that Sienese builders prized as tower stone, quarried in the nearby Montagnola Senese. That low wooded massif is an island of far older rock, riddled with karst caves and veined with marble, standing proud of the young marine sands and clays of the Elsa valley.
Wildlife & nature
The walls look out over the Montagnola Senese, a Natura 2000 area of holm oak, Turkey oak, chestnut and hornbeam woods running with wild boar, roe deer, foxes, badgers and porcupines. Broom and cistus flower on the dry limestone in May, and vineyards and olive groves fill the hollow immediately below the ramparts.
The view
The unbroken ring of walls and fourteen towers crowns its low hill exactly as Dante saw it; on the Francigena approach the crown rises slowly above olive groves and vines.
Photography
The classic shot is from the fields below the walls in late light; inside, frame the church across the single piazza, and take the wall walkway for tower-top views.
When to visit
April to June and September are loveliest; July brings the medieval festival that fills the village, and high summer means real heat on the shadeless approach roads.
Getting there
Walkers arrive through Abbadia a Isola on the Siena stage; buses between Poggibonsi and Siena stop below the village, and the nearest station is at Castellina Scalo.
Where to stay
The Ostello Contessa Ava dei Lambardi, a former monastery at Abbadia a Isola shortly before the village, is a classic pilgrim halt; rooms and B&Bs sit within the walls.
Food & water
The village is tiny: a fountain and a couple of bars serve the piazza, so top up here and carry enough for the open, sun-exposed stretch onward towards Siena.
Safety
Rampart walkways have low rails in places — mind children — and the village cobbles are uneven. In an emergency dial 112.
Accessibility
A short, steady climb leads from the car park to the gates; within, the piazza is level gravel, while the wall walkways are reached by steep modern stairs.
Visitor tips
Read Dante's lines before you arrive, collect a timbro in the village or at Abbadia a Isola, and time your visit for early morning before the coaches climb the hill.
Listen: the audio guide
The full narration of this stop's audio guide, in text. The audio itself plays only in the app.
Somewhere on the road south you lift your eyes, and there it is: a complete ring of medieval walls crowning a low hill, fourteen towers spaced around the rim like the points of a crown. Monteriggioni looks almost too perfect to be true, yet nothing you see is a reconstruction. Ahead of you wait a gate that has meant Rome for eight centuries, a village you can cross in two minutes, and a circle of stone so striking that Dante used it to furnish the floor of Hell.
This is a genuine fortress of the Republic of Siena, raised between 1213 and 1219 on the hill called Monte Ala, and it was built for one reason: Florence. The two republics contested these hills for generations, and Monteriggioni was Siena's northern sentinel, planted squarely beside the old road to watch for trouble and to shelter the travellers streaming along the Via Francigena. The curtain wall runs some five hundred and seventy metres around the crown of the hill, following the natural curve of the ground, with the fourteen towers set almost evenly along it. Even the stone tells a local story. It is calcare cavernoso, a pitted, spongy-looking rock that Sienese builders prized for their towers, quarried in the wooded hills of the Montagnola Senese just behind you, an island of far older rock standing proud of the young clays of the Elsa valley.
Now, look for four things as you explore. First, the two gates, whose names tell the whole story of this road: the Porta Fiorentina faces north towards Florence, while the Porta Franca, also called the Porta Romea, opens south towards Rome, the pilgrim's door, once defended by a portcullis and a drawbridge. Second, inside, the single square, the Piazza Roma, with its well and its simple Romanesque church of Santa Maria Assunta, cool and plain and welcoming after the glare of the road. Third, the kitchen gardens behind the stone houses. They are original too, because in time of siege the village had to feed itself inside its own ring of stone. And fourth, climb to the rampart walkway and look out as the sentries once did, north over oak woods where wild boar and roe deer still run, south to a smudge on the horizon that is Siena, tomorrow's road.
Dante knew this place. In the Inferno, when he needs to describe the ring of giants standing around the lowest pit of Hell, he reaches for the image every Tuscan traveller would recognise: as Monteriggioni crowns itself with towers, he writes, so the giants towered over the rim of the abyss. It is a startling thought, standing here in the sunshine among rosemary and broom, that this small circle of stone gave European literature one of its darkest images.
The walls earned their fame honestly. Florentine sieges broke against them from 1244 onward, and by tradition they were never taken by storm. When Monteriggioni finally fell, in April 1554, it was not to an army. The garrison commander, Giovannino Zeti, simply handed the keys to Medici forces without a fight, an act the Sienese have remembered ever since as the great betrayal. Siena itself capitulated the following year, the wars moved on, and the fortress lost its purpose. Centuries of sleepy farming then did what no besieger could, and preserved the ring whole.
Take a slow turn around the little piazza, fill your bottle as generations of pilgrims have done, and rest a while in the shade of the church. Then step out through the Porta Romea and feel the small ceremony of it, because for eight hundred years walking out of this gate has meant one thing only: you are on the road to Siena, and beyond it, Rome. Buon cammino.
Also narrated in Deutsch, Italiano, Nederlands
The same guide, written again in each language rather than translated. Open one to read it in full.
Deutsch · 5 min 00 s
Irgendwo auf dem Weg nach Süden heben Sie den Blick, und da ist es: ein vollständiger Ring mittelalterlicher Mauern, der einen flachen Hügel krönt, vierzehn Türme rings um den Rand verteilt wie die Zacken einer Krone. Monteriggioni sieht fast zu vollkommen aus, um wahr zu sein, und doch ist nichts davon rekonstruiert. Vor Ihnen warten ein Tor, das seit acht Jahrhunderten Rom bedeutet, ein Dorf, das Sie in zwei Minuten durchqueren, und ein Steinkreis, so eindrücklich, dass Dante damit den Boden der Hölle ausgestattet hat.
Dies ist eine echte Festung der Republik Siena, zwischen 1213 und 1219 auf dem Hügel Monte Ala errichtet, und sie wurde aus einem einzigen Grund gebaut: Florenz. Die beiden Republiken stritten Generationen lang um diese Hügel, und Monteriggioni war Sienas nördlicher Wachposten, unmittelbar an die alte Straße gesetzt, um nach Ärger Ausschau zu halten und die Reisenden zu schützen, die auf der Via Francigena vorbeizogen. Die Ringmauer läuft rund fünfhundertsiebzig Meter um die Hügelkuppe und folgt dabei der natürlichen Rundung des Geländes, mit den vierzehn Türmen in fast gleichmäßigen Abständen. Sogar der Stein erzählt etwas von hier. Es ist Calcare cavernoso, ein löchriges, schwammig wirkendes Gestein, das die sienesischen Baumeister für ihre Türme schätzten, gebrochen in den bewaldeten Hügeln der Montagnola Senese gleich hinter Ihnen, einer Insel weit älteren Gesteins, die aus den jungen Tonen des Elsatals aufragt.
Vier Dinge sollten Sie hier suchen. Erstens: die beiden Tore, deren Namen die ganze Geschichte dieses Weges erzählen. Die Porta Fiorentina blickt nach Norden Richtung Florenz, während die Porta Franca, auch Porta Romea genannt, sich nach Süden auf Rom hin öffnet, das Tor der Pilger, einst durch Fallgitter und Zugbrücke gesichert. Zweitens, drinnen: den einzigen Platz, die Piazza Roma, mit ihrem Brunnen und ihrer schlichten romanischen Kirche Santa Maria Assunta, kühl, schmucklos und einladend nach der Gluthitze der Straße. Drittens: die Küchengärten hinter den Steinhäusern. Auch sie sind ursprünglich, denn im Belagerungsfall musste das Dorf sich innerhalb seines eigenen Steinrings selbst ernähren. Und viertens: Steigen Sie auf den Wehrgang und schauen Sie hinaus, wie es einst die Wachen taten, nach Norden über Eichenwälder, in denen noch Wildschweine und Rehe laufen, und nach Süden zu einem Fleck am Horizont, der Siena ist, der Weg von morgen.
Dante kannte diesen Ort. Als er im Inferno den Ring der Riesen beschreiben muss, die um den untersten Schlund der Hölle stehen, greift er nach dem Bild, das jeder toskanische Reisende wiedererkennen würde: Wie Monteriggioni sich mit Türmen krönt, schreibt er, so ragten die Riesen über den Rand des Abgrunds. Es ist ein aufrüttelnder Gedanke, hier im Sonnenschein zwischen Rosmarin und Ginster zu stehen und zu wissen, dass dieser kleine Steinkreis der europäischen Literatur eines ihrer dunkelsten Bilder geschenkt hat.
Die Mauern haben sich ihren Ruf ehrlich verdient. Ab 1244 brachen sich florentinische Belagerungen an ihnen, und der Überlieferung nach wurden sie nie im Sturm genommen. Als Monteriggioni schließlich fiel, im April 1554, war es kein Heer. Der Kommandant der Besatzung, Giovannino Zeti, übergab den Mediceern kampflos die Schlüssel, eine Tat, die die Sienesen seither als den großen Verrat in Erinnerung behalten. Siena selbst kapitulierte im Jahr darauf, die Kriege zogen weiter, und die Festung verlor ihren Zweck. Jahrhunderte verschlafenen Landlebens taten dann, was kein Belagerer vermochte, und bewahrten den Ring als Ganzes.
Drehen Sie eine langsame Runde über den kleinen Platz, füllen Sie Ihre Flasche, wie Generationen von Pilgern es getan haben, und ruhen Sie ein wenig im Schatten der Kirche. Dann treten Sie durch die Porta Romea hinaus und spüren Sie die kleine Zeremonie darin, denn seit achthundert Jahren bedeutet der Gang durch dieses Tor nur eines: Sie sind auf dem Weg nach Siena, und dahinter nach Rom. Buon cammino.
Italiano · 4 min 25 s
A un certo punto, sulla strada del sud, alzate gli occhi ed eccolo: un anello completo di mura medievali che incorona una collina bassa, quattordici torri distribuite sul bordo come le punte di una corona. Monteriggioni sembra troppo perfetto per essere vero, eppure niente di quello che vedete è una ricostruzione. Davanti a voi vi aspettano una porta che da otto secoli vuol dire Roma, un borgo che si attraversa in due minuti, e un cerchio di pietra così netto che Dante lo usò per arredare il fondo dell'Inferno.
Questa è una fortezza vera della Repubblica di Siena, alzata fra il 1213 e il 1219 sul poggio detto Monte Ala, e costruita per una ragione sola: Firenze. Le due repubbliche si contesero queste colline per generazioni, e Monteriggioni era la sentinella settentrionale di Siena, piantata di fianco alla strada antica per vedere arrivare i guai e per dare riparo a chi scendeva lungo la Via Francigena. La cortina corre per circa cinquecentosettanta metri intorno alla sommità, seguendo la curva naturale del terreno, con le quattordici torri disposte quasi a distanze regolari. Perfino la pietra racconta una storia locale. È calcare cavernoso, una roccia bucherellata, di aspetto spugnoso, che i costruttori senesi apprezzavano per le loro torri, cavata nei boschi della Montagnola Senese proprio alle vostre spalle, un'isola di roccia molto più antica che emerge dalle argille giovani della valle dell'Elsa.
Ora, quattro cose da cercare. Primo, le due porte, i cui nomi raccontano da soli tutta questa strada: la Porta Fiorentina guarda a nord verso Firenze, mentre la Porta Franca, detta anche Porta Romea, si apre a sud verso Roma, la porta del pellegrino, difesa un tempo da saracinesca e ponte levatoio. Secondo, dentro, l'unica piazza, piazza Roma, con il pozzo e la semplice chiesa romanica di Santa Maria Assunta, fresca e spoglia e accogliente dopo l'abbaglio della strada. Terzo, gli orti dietro le case di pietra. Anche quelli sono originali, perché in tempo di assedio il borgo doveva sfamarsi dentro il proprio cerchio di sasso. E quarto, salite sul camminamento e guardate fuori come facevano le sentinelle: a nord i boschi di querce dove corrono ancora cinghiali e caprioli, a sud una macchia all'orizzonte che è Siena, la strada di domani.
Dante conosceva questo posto. Nell'Inferno, dovendo descrivere la corona di giganti piantati intorno all'ultimo pozzo, va a prendere l'immagine che qualsiasi viandante toscano avrebbe riconosciuto: Montereggion di torri si corona, scrive, e così i giganti torreggiavano sull'orlo dell'abisso. Fa un certo effetto pensarci, qui, con il sole, in mezzo al rosmarino e alla ginestra: questo piccolo cerchio di pietra ha dato alla letteratura europea una delle sue immagini più cupe.
La fama, queste mura se la sono guadagnata onestamente. Gli assedi fiorentini si ruppero contro di loro dal 1244 in poi, e per tradizione non furono mai prese d'assalto. Quando Monteriggioni cadde davvero, nell'aprile del 1554, non fu per un esercito. Il comandante del presidio, Giovannino Zeti, consegnò semplicemente le chiavi ai medicei senza combattere, e i senesi da allora ricordano quel gesto come il grande tradimento. Siena capitolò l'anno dopo, le guerre si spostarono altrove, e la fortezza perse il suo scopo. Poi secoli di agricoltura sonnolenta hanno fatto quello che nessun assediante era riuscito a fare, e hanno conservato l'anello intero.
Fate un giro lento della piazzetta, riempite la borraccia come generazioni di pellegrini prima di voi, e riposate un po' all'ombra della chiesa. Poi uscite dalla Porta Romea e sentite la piccola cerimonia che c'è dentro, perché da ottocento anni uscire da questa porta vuol dire una cosa sola: siete sulla strada di Siena, e oltre Siena, di Roma. Buon cammino.
Nederlands · 5 min 22 s
Ergens op de weg naar het zuiden sla je je blik op, en daar is het: een complete ring van middeleeuwse muren die een lage heuvel bekroont, met veertien torens op de rand verdeeld als de punten van een kroon. Monteriggioni ziet er bijna te volmaakt uit om waar te zijn, en toch is niets van wat je ziet een reconstructie. Voor je uit wachten een poort die al acht eeuwen Rome betekent, een dorp dat je in twee minuten doorkruist, en een cirkel van steen die zo treffend is dat Dante er de bodem van de hel mee heeft ingericht.
Dit is een echte vesting van de republiek Siena, tussen 1213 en 1219 opgeworpen op de heuvel Monte Ala, en ze werd om één reden gebouwd: Florence. De twee republieken betwistten elkaar deze heuvels generaties lang, en Monteriggioni was de noordelijke schildwacht van Siena, pal naast de oude weg neergezet om onraad te spotten en om de reizigers op te vangen die over de Via Francigena stroomden. De ringmuur loopt zo'n vijfhonderdzeventig meter om de kruin van de heuvel, de natuurlijke welving van het terrein volgend, met de veertien torens er vrijwel gelijkmatig langs geplaatst. Zelfs de steen vertelt een verhaal van hier. Het is calcare cavernoso, een poreus, sponzig ogend gesteente dat de bouwers van Siena voor hun torens waardeerden, gewonnen in de beboste heuvels van de Montagnola Senese vlak achter je, een eiland van veel ouder gesteente dat boven de jonge kleien van het Elsadal uitsteekt.
Zoek nu vier dingen terwijl je rondloopt. Ten eerste de twee poorten, wier namen het hele verhaal van deze weg vertellen: de Porta Fiorentina kijkt naar het noorden, naar Florence, terwijl de Porta Franca, ook wel de Porta Romea genoemd, naar het zuiden opengaat, richting Rome, de deur van de pelgrim, ooit verdedigd door een valhek en een ophaalbrug. Ten tweede, binnen, het enige plein, de Piazza Roma, met zijn put en zijn eenvoudige romaanse kerk Santa Maria Assunta, koel en kaal en gastvrij na de felle zon van de weg. Ten derde de moestuinen achter de stenen huizen. Ook die zijn oorspronkelijk, want in tijd van belegering moest het dorp zichzelf binnen zijn eigen ring van steen voeden. En ten vierde: klim naar de weergang en kijk uit zoals de schildwachten deden, naar het noorden over eikenbossen waar nog altijd wilde zwijnen en reeën lopen, en naar het zuiden, naar een veeg aan de horizon die Siena is, de weg van morgen.
Dante kende deze plek. In de Inferno, wanneer hij de kring reuzen moet beschrijven die rond de diepste put van de hel staan, grijpt hij naar het beeld dat elke Toscaanse reiziger zou herkennen: zoals Monteriggioni zich met torens kroont, schrijft hij, zo torenden de reuzen boven de rand van de afgrond uit. Het is een verrassende gedachte, hier in de zon te staan tussen rozemarijn en brem en te bedenken dat deze kleine cirkel van steen de Europese literatuur een van haar donkerste beelden heeft geschonken.
De muren hebben hun roem eerlijk verdiend. Vanaf 1244 braken Florentijnse belegeringen erop stuk, en volgens de overlevering zijn ze nooit stormenderhand genomen. Toen Monteriggioni ten slotte viel, in april 1554, was dat niet aan een leger. De bevelhebber van het garnizoen, Giovannino Zeti, gaf de sleutels zonder slag of stoot aan de Medici, een daad die de Sienezen sindsdien herdenken als het grote verraad. Siena zelf capituleerde het jaar daarop, de oorlogen trokken verder, en de vesting verloor haar doel. Eeuwen slaperige landbouw deden vervolgens wat geen belegeraar was gelukt, en bewaarden de ring gaaf.
Maak een rustig rondje over het pleintje, vul je fles zoals generaties pelgrims hebben gedaan, en rust een poos in de schaduw van de kerk. Stap dan naar buiten door de Porta Romea en voel de kleine plechtigheid ervan, want al achthonderd jaar betekent het naar buiten lopen door deze poort maar één ding: je bent op weg naar Siena, en daarachter naar Rome. Buon cammino.
Common questions
How old is Monteriggioni?
Monteriggioni dates from the Medieval (13th century) period.
How do I get to Monteriggioni?
Walkers arrive through Abbadia a Isola on the Siena stage; buses between Poggibonsi and Siena stop below the village, and the nearest station is at Castellina Scalo.
Is Monteriggioni accessible?
A short, steady climb leads from the car park to the gates; within, the piazza is level gravel, while the wall walkways are reached by steep modern stairs.
When is the best time to visit Monteriggioni?
April to June and September are loveliest; July brings the medieval festival that fills the village, and high summer means real heat on the shadeless approach roads.
Is there food and water at Monteriggioni?
The village is tiny: a fountain and a couple of bars serve the piazza, so top up here and carry enough for the open, sun-exposed stretch onward towards Siena.
Where can I stay near Monteriggioni?
The Ostello Contessa Ava dei Lambardi, a former monastery at Abbadia a Isola shortly before the village, is a classic pilgrim halt; rooms and B&Bs sit within the walls.
What should I know before visiting Monteriggioni?
Read Dante's lines before you arrive, collect a timbro in the village or at Abbadia a Isola, and time your visit for early morning before the coaches climb the hill.
Is Monteriggioni safe to visit?
Rampart walkways have low rails in places — mind children — and the village cobbles are uneven. In an emergency dial 112.
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