Crowning a hill above Lake Bolsena, Montefiascone is dominated by the Rocca dei Papi, a fortress that served as a summer residence for medieval popes, and by the great dome of the Basilica of San Flaviano. The town commands sweeping views over the lake and the Via Francigena winding south toward Viterbo. It is equally famous for its wine, the curiously named Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone.
Highlights
- The Rocca dei Papi, summer fortress of medieval popes
- Est! Est!! Est!!! wine legend of the bishop's servant and his chalk marks
- Sweeping views over Lake Bolsena from the Rocca gardens
- Roughly the final hundred kilometres to Rome for the testimonium
- Papal mint and residence rebuilt grandly by Urban V in the 1360s
At a glance
| Period | Medieval (papal fortress, 13th century) |
|---|---|
| Stage | 75 — Bolsena to Montefiascone |
Take care
- Steep town lanes and tower stairs — keep a steady pace
- Take extra care in summer heat on the climb
History
Pope Innocent III began the fortress in 1207 as seat of the Rector of the Patrimony of St Peter, and for three centuries it served the papacy as summer residence, administrative centre and mint. Urban V rebuilt it grandly and lived here from 1367 to 1370; around 1500 Julius II and Leo X had the Sangallo architects adapt it for artillery warfare. Plague, an earthquake and neglect then reduced the Rocca to a quarry for building stone, until modern restoration recovered the ruins as a public monument.
Myth & legend
The wine's name comes from a 12th-century legend: a German bishop travelling to Rome sent a servant ahead to chalk 'Est' (it is here) on inns with good wine. At Montefiascone the wine was so fine the servant wrote 'Est! Est!! Est!!!', and the bishop is said to have stayed and drunk himself to death; his tomb lies in San Flaviano.
Geology
Montefiascone crowns a ridge of lavas and tuffs on the rim of the Bolsena caldera, stacked by the Vulsini volcanoes; one of the complex's overlapping collapse basins even bears the town's name. The free-draining, potassium-rich volcanic soils on these slopes hold minerals and warmth, which is why vines have thrived here since antiquity.
Wildlife & nature
The hillside below the fortress is terraced in vines and olives that turn gold and silver-grey in October, with almond and cherry blossom in March. Down at the lake shore, reed beds and quiet coves hold great crested and little grebes, grey herons, egrets and coots, while buzzards and kestrels ride the thermals off the crater rim.
The view
From the Rocca dei Papi gardens the whole of Lake Bolsena spreads below, crater rim to islands, with the Francigena visible winding south across the hills of Lazio.
Photography
Sunset from the Rocca terrace over the lake is the essential shot; the dome of Santa Margherita and the view down the pilgrim road both reward a wander at dusk.
When to visit
Spring and autumn give the clearest lake views; August celebrates the Est! Est!! Est!!! wine with a lively festival, and summer haze can soften the wide panoramas.
Getting there
Walkers climb from Bolsena on one of the route's classic stages; buses link the town with Viterbo and around the lake, with mainline trains at Viterbo or Orvieto.
Where to stay
The Benedictine nuns of Monastero San Pietro host credential-carrying pilgrims near the centre, and the town offers B&Bs and small hotels with lake views.
Food & water
Fountains in the old town and cafes on the corso cover refills; fill up before the ancient basalt-paved stretch of the Cassia towards Viterbo, long and shadeless.
Safety
Steep town lanes and tower stairs — steady pace, especially in summer heat. In an emergency dial 112.
Accessibility
The old town climbs steeply to the Rocca, with stepped lanes near the top; the fortress garden and terraces are reached by paths and stairs, so pace the ascent.
Visitor tips
Montefiascone marks roughly the final hundred kilometres to Rome, the minimum walked for the testimonium, so stamp your credential carefully from here southward.
Listen: the audio guide
The full narration of this stop's audio guide, in text. The audio itself plays only in the app.
The climb out of Bolsena makes you earn this, but the moment you reach the gardens of the Rocca dei Papi the whole morning pays for itself. Lake Bolsena lies spread below you, filling its ancient volcanic crater from rim to rim, two green islands set in the silver water. Behind you stands a ruined fortress of the popes, and somewhere in the town below waits a wine with three exclamation marks in its name.
The fortress was a serious place. Pope Innocent the Third began it in 1207 as the seat of the Rector of the Patrimony of Saint Peter, the papacy's governor for these lands, and for three centuries it served the popes as summer residence, administrative centre and mint. Urban the Fifth rebuilt it grandly and lived here from 1367 to 1370. Around 1500, Julius the Second and Leo the Tenth had the Sangallo architects thicken the whole structure for the new age of artillery. Then plague, an earthquake and plain neglect did what no siege had managed, and for generations local builders quarried the Rocca for its stone, until modern restoration recovered the ruins as the public monument you are standing in. Walk the terraces slowly, and let the wind off the lake cool you down.
Now, look for four things from these terraces. First, the view itself, one of the rarest on the whole Via Francigena, because it shows you both where you have come from and where you are going: the whole lake behind you, crater rim to islands, and ahead, threading south between fields and woods, the line of tomorrow's road towards Viterbo. Second, the walls around you, thickened for gunpowder warfare, a fortress caught mid-change between the age of knights and the age of cannon. Third, the town at your feet, crowning a ridge of lavas and tuffs thrown up by the Vulsini volcanoes on the rim of the great collapsed crater; one of the caldera's overlapping basins even bears Montefiascone's name, and those free-draining volcanic soils, warm and rich in minerals, are why vines have thrived on these slopes since antiquity. And fourth, the life on the land: terraces of vines and olives that turn gold and silver-grey in October, almond and cherry blossom in March, and down on the shore, grebes, herons and egrets working the reed beds while buzzards ride the thermals off the crater rim.
Now the wine, because Montefiascone would never forgive you for skipping it. The story goes that in the twelfth century a German bishop travelling to Rome sent his servant ahead with a piece of chalk and simple instructions: taste the wine at each inn, and where it is good, write Est, meaning it is here. The servant worked his way south through some fairly ordinary vintages, arrived in Montefiascone, tasted, and wrote on the door in mounting excitement: Est, Est, Est. The bishop caught up, agreed with every exclamation mark, and by the tale he never left the town again, but ended his days among its barrels. His tomb lies below in the Basilica of San Flaviano, the wine still carries the name, and August still brings a festival in its honour.
One practical thing before you sleep. Montefiascone stands at roughly the final hundred kilometres to Saint Peter's, the minimum distance walked on foot for the testimonium in Rome, so from here southward stamp your credential carefully and often. Fill your bottles too, because tomorrow's ancient basalt-paved stretch of the Via Cassia is long and offers almost no shade. Then watch the sun go down over the lake that filled a volcano, and raise a glass with three exclamation marks. The end is genuinely in sight now. Buon cammino.
Also narrated in Deutsch, Italiano, Nederlands
The same guide, written again in each language rather than translated. Open one to read it in full.
Deutsch · 4 min 59 s
Der Anstieg von Bolsena herauf lässt Sie dafür arbeiten, aber in dem Moment, in dem Sie die Gärten der Rocca dei Papi erreichen, bezahlt sich der ganze Morgen. Der Bolsenasee liegt unter Ihnen ausgebreitet und füllt seinen alten Vulkankrater von Rand zu Rand, zwei grüne Inseln im silbernen Wasser. Hinter Ihnen steht eine Ruine, die den Päpsten gehörte, und irgendwo in der Stadt unten wartet ein Wein mit drei Ausrufezeichen im Namen.
Die Festung war eine ernste Sache. Papst Innozenz der Dritte begann sie 1207 als Sitz des Rektors des Patrimoniums des heiligen Petrus, des päpstlichen Statthalters für diese Landschaften, und drei Jahrhunderte lang diente sie den Päpsten als Sommerresidenz, Verwaltungssitz und Münzstätte. Urban der Fünfte baute sie prachtvoll um und wohnte von 1367 bis 1370 hier. Um 1500 ließen Julius der Zweite und Leo der Zehnte den ganzen Bau von den Sangallo-Architekten für das neue Zeitalter der Artillerie verstärken. Dann erledigten Pest, ein Erdbeben und schlichte Vernachlässigung, was keine Belagerung geschafft hatte, und Generationen von Bauleuten aus der Gegend brachen die Rocca als Steinbruch ab, bis moderne Restaurierung die Ruine als jenes öffentliche Denkmal zurückgewann, in dem Sie stehen. Gehen Sie die Terrassen langsam ab und lassen Sie sich vom Wind über dem See abkühlen.
Vier Dinge sollten Sie von diesen Terrassen aus suchen. Erstens: den Blick selbst, einen der seltensten der ganzen Via Francigena, denn er zeigt Ihnen zugleich, woher Sie kommen und wohin Sie gehen: hinter Ihnen der ganze See, vom Kraterrand bis zu den Inseln, und voraus, zwischen Feldern und Wäldern nach Süden gefädelt, die Linie des morgigen Weges nach Viterbo. Zweitens: die Mauern um Sie herum, für den Pulverkrieg verdickt, eine Festung mitten im Übergang zwischen dem Zeitalter der Ritter und dem der Kanonen. Drittens: die Stadt zu Ihren Füßen, die einen Rücken aus Laven und Tuffen krönt, ausgeworfen von den Vulsini-Vulkanen am Rand des großen eingestürzten Kraters; eines der ineinandergreifenden Becken der Caldera trägt sogar den Namen Montefiascones, und diese durchlässigen, warmen und mineralreichen vulkanischen Böden sind der Grund, warum an diesen Hängen seit der Antike Reben gedeihen. Und viertens: das Leben auf dem Land, Terrassen aus Reben und Oliven, die im Oktober golden und silbergrau werden, Mandel- und Kirschblüte im März, und unten am Ufer Taucher, Reiher und Silberreiher in den Schilfgürteln, während über dem Kraterrand Bussarde in der Thermik stehen.
Nun der Wein, denn Montefiascone würde Ihnen nie verzeihen, wenn Sie ihn übergingen. Die Geschichte geht so: Im 12. Jahrhundert schickte ein deutscher Bischof auf dem Weg nach Rom seinen Diener voraus, mit einem Stück Kreide und einer einfachen Anweisung: Koste den Wein in jedem Gasthaus, und wo er gut ist, schreib Est, es ist hier. Der Diener arbeitete sich durch einige recht gewöhnliche Jahrgänge nach Süden, kam nach Montefiascone, kostete und schrieb in wachsender Begeisterung an die Tür: Est, Est, Est. Der Bischof holte ihn ein, stimmte jedem Ausrufezeichen zu, und der Erzählung nach hat er die Stadt nie wieder verlassen, sondern seine Tage zwischen ihren Fässern beschlossen. Sein Grab liegt unten in der Basilika San Flaviano, der Wein trägt noch immer den Namen, und im August gibt es noch immer ein Fest zu seinen Ehren.
Eine praktische Sache noch, bevor Sie schlafen. Montefiascone liegt ungefähr auf den letzten hundert Kilometern vor Sankt Peter, der Mindeststrecke zu Fuß für das Testimonium in Rom, sammeln Sie also von hier an sorgfältig und oft Stempel in Ihrem Pilgerausweis. Füllen Sie auch die Flaschen, denn der morgige, uralt basaltgepflasterte Abschnitt der Via Cassia ist lang und bietet fast keinen Schatten. Und dann sehen Sie zu, wie die Sonne über einem See untergeht, der einen Vulkan gefüllt hat, und heben Sie ein Glas mit drei Ausrufezeichen. Das Ende ist jetzt wirklich in Sicht. Buon cammino.
Italiano · 4 min 25 s
La salita da Bolsena ve lo fa guadagnare, ma il momento in cui arrivate ai giardini della Rocca dei Papi ripaga tutta la mattina. Il lago di Bolsena si stende sotto di voi, riempiendo da sponda a sponda il suo antico cratere, con due isole verdi posate sull'acqua d'argento. Alle vostre spalle sta una fortezza papale in rovina, e giù in paese vi aspetta un vino che nel nome ha tre punti esclamativi.
La rocca era una cosa seria. Papa Innocenzo III la cominciò nel 1207 come sede del Rettore del Patrimonio di San Pietro, il governatore pontificio di queste terre, e per tre secoli servì ai papi da residenza estiva, centro amministrativo e zecca. Urbano V la rifece in grande e vi abitò dal 1367 al 1370. Verso il 1500 Giulio II e Leone X fecero ispessire dai Sangallo l'intera struttura per la nuova età dell'artiglieria. Poi la peste, un terremoto e la semplice incuria riuscirono dove nessun assedio era arrivato, e per generazioni i costruttori del posto cavarono pietra dalla Rocca, finché il restauro moderno non ha recuperato le rovine come il monumento pubblico in cui vi trovate. Percorrete le terrazze con calma, e lasciate che il vento del lago vi rinfreschi.
Ora, quattro cose da cercare da queste terrazze. Primo, la vista stessa, una delle più rare di tutta la Via Francigena, perché vi mostra insieme da dove venite e dove state andando: tutto il lago alle spalle, dall'orlo del cratere alle isole, e davanti, che si infila a sud fra campi e boschi, la linea della strada di domani verso Viterbo. Secondo, le mura intorno a voi, ingrossate per la guerra con la polvere da sparo, una fortezza colta a metà del cambio fra l'età dei cavalieri e quella dei cannoni. Terzo, il paese ai vostri piedi, che corona un crinale di lave e tufi eruttati dai vulcani Vulsini sul bordo del grande cratere sprofondato; una delle conche sovrapposte della caldera porta perfino il nome di Montefiascone, e quei suoli vulcanici drenanti, caldi e ricchi di minerali, sono la ragione per cui su questi versanti la vite prospera dall'antichità. E quarto, la vita sulla terra: terrazze di viti e olivi che a ottobre diventano oro e grigio argento, i mandorli e i ciliegi in fiore a marzo, e giù sulla riva svassi, aironi e garzette che lavorano i canneti mentre le poiane salgono con le termiche dall'orlo del cratere.
E adesso il vino, perché Montefiascone non vi perdonerebbe mai di saltarlo. La storia la conoscete, ma qui va raccontata. Nel dodicesimo secolo un vescovo tedesco diretto a Roma mandava avanti il servitore con un gessetto e un'istruzione semplice: assaggia il vino a ogni osteria, e dove è buono scrivi Est, cioè c'è. Il servitore scese verso sud attraverso annate piuttosto ordinarie, arrivò a Montefiascone, assaggiò, e scrisse sulla porta con entusiasmo crescente: Est, Est, Est. Il vescovo lo raggiunse, si trovò d'accordo con ogni punto esclamativo, e a quanto racconta la storia non ripartì più, e finì i suoi giorni fra queste botti. La sua tomba è giù nella basilica di San Flaviano, il vino porta ancora quel nome, e ad agosto c'è ancora la festa in suo onore.
Una cosa pratica prima di dormire. Montefiascone sta più o meno agli ultimi cento chilometri da San Pietro, la distanza minima da percorrere a piedi per il testimonium a Roma, quindi da qui in giù timbrate la credenziale con cura e spesso. Riempite anche le borracce, perché il tratto di domani, sull'antico basolato della Via Cassia, è lungo e non offre quasi ombra. Poi guardate il sole calare sul lago che ha riempito un vulcano, e alzate un bicchiere con tre punti esclamativi. La fine, adesso, è davvero in vista. Buon cammino.
Nederlands · 5 min 14 s
De klim uit Bolsena laat je ervoor werken, maar op het moment dat je de tuinen van de Rocca dei Papi bereikt, betaalt de hele ochtend zichzelf terug. Het Bolsenameer ligt onder je uitgespreid en vult zijn oude vulkaankrater van rand tot rand, met twee groene eilanden in het zilveren water. Achter je staat een vervallen vesting van de pausen, en ergens in de stad beneden wacht een wijn met drie uitroeptekens in zijn naam.
De vesting was een serieuze plek. Paus Innocentius de Derde begon haar in 1207 als zetel van de rector van het Patrimonium van Sint-Petrus, de bestuurder van de paus over deze streken, en drie eeuwen lang diende ze de pausen als zomerverblijf, bestuurscentrum en munt. Urbanus de Vijfde herbouwde haar op grootse schaal en woonde hier van 1367 tot 1370. Rond 1500 lieten Julius de Tweede en Leo de Tiende het hele bouwwerk door de architecten Sangallo verzwaren voor het nieuwe tijdperk van de artillerie. Toen deden pest, een aardbeving en simpele verwaarlozing wat geen belegering was gelukt, en generaties lang haalden plaatselijke bouwers hun steen uit de Rocca, tot een moderne restauratie de ruïne terugwon als het openbare monument waarin je nu staat. Loop de terrassen langzaam af en laat de wind van het meer je afkoelen.
Zoek nu vier dingen vanaf deze terrassen. Ten eerste het uitzicht zelf, een van de zeldzaamste van de hele Via Francigena, want het laat je zien waar je vandaan komt én waar je heen gaat: achter je het hele meer, van kraterrand tot eilanden, en vóór je, zuidwaarts tussen akkers en bossen door geregen, de lijn van de weg van morgen richting Viterbo. Ten tweede de muren om je heen, verzwaard voor de oorlog met buskruit, een vesting betrapt midden in de overgang van de tijd van de ridders naar de tijd van het kanon. Ten derde de stad aan je voeten, die een rug van lava en tufsteen bekroont die door de Vulsini-vulkanen op de rand van de grote ingestorte krater is opgeworpen; een van de overlappende bekkens van die caldera draagt zelfs de naam van Montefiascone, en die goed doorlatende vulkanische bodems, warm en rijk aan mineralen, zijn de reden dat de wijnstok het op deze hellingen al sinds de oudheid goed doet. En ten vierde het leven op het land: terrassen van wijn en olijven die in oktober goud en zilvergrijs kleuren, amandel- en kersenbloesem in maart, en beneden aan de oever futen, reigers en zilverreigers die de rietvelden afwerken, terwijl buizerds op de thermiek van de kraterrand drijven.
En dan de wijn, want Montefiascone zou je nooit vergeven dat je die oversloeg. Het verhaal gaat dat in de twaalfde eeuw een Duitse bisschop die naar Rome reisde zijn knecht vooruitstuurde met een stuk krijt en een eenvoudige opdracht: proef de wijn bij elke herberg, en waar hij goed is, schrijf je Est, hij is er. De knecht werkte zich zuidwaarts door een aantal tamelijk gewone jaargangen heen, kwam in Montefiascone aan, proefde, en schreef in klimmende opwinding op de deur: Est, Est, Est. De bisschop haalde hem in, was het met elk uitroepteken eens, en volgens het verhaal heeft hij de stad nooit meer verlaten, maar sleet hij zijn laatste dagen tussen haar vaten. Zijn graf ligt beneden in de basiliek van San Flaviano, de wijn draagt de naam nog altijd, en in augustus is er nog steeds een feest ter ere van hem.
Nog één praktisch punt voordat je gaat slapen. Montefiascone ligt op ongeveer de laatste honderd kilometer naar de Sint-Pieter, de minimumafstand die je te voet moet lopen voor het testimonium in Rome, dus laat je pelgrimspaspoort van hier zuidwaarts zorgvuldig en vaak afstempelen. Vul ook je flessen, want het oude met basalt geplaveide stuk Via Cassia van morgen is lang en biedt vrijwel geen schaduw. Kijk dan hoe de zon ondergaat over het meer dat een vulkaan heeft gevuld, en hef een glas met drie uitroeptekens. Het einde is nu echt in zicht. Buon cammino.
Common questions
How old is Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi?
Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi dates from the Medieval (papal fortress, 13th century) period.
How do I get to Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi?
Walkers climb from Bolsena on one of the route's classic stages; buses link the town with Viterbo and around the lake, with mainline trains at Viterbo or Orvieto.
Is Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi accessible?
The old town climbs steeply to the Rocca, with stepped lanes near the top; the fortress garden and terraces are reached by paths and stairs, so pace the ascent.
When is the best time to visit Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi?
Spring and autumn give the clearest lake views; August celebrates the Est! Est!! Est!!! wine with a lively festival, and summer haze can soften the wide panoramas.
Is there food and water at Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi?
Fountains in the old town and cafes on the corso cover refills; fill up before the ancient basalt-paved stretch of the Cassia towards Viterbo, long and shadeless.
Where can I stay near Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi?
The Benedictine nuns of Monastero San Pietro host credential-carrying pilgrims near the centre, and the town offers B&Bs and small hotels with lake views.
What should I know before visiting Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi?
Montefiascone marks roughly the final hundred kilometres to Rome, the minimum walked for the testimonium, so stamp your credential carefully from here southward.
Is Montefiascone and the Rocca dei Papi safe to visit?
Steep town lanes and tower stairs — steady pace, especially in summer heat. In an emergency dial 112.
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