Roman pass; hospice founded 11th century · Via Francigena

Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice

At 2,469 metres the Great St Bernard Pass is the dramatic high point of the Via Francigena, the crossing where the route leaves Switzerland and descends into Italy. An ancient Roman road traversed it, and around 1050 St Bernard of Menthon founded a hospice here to shelter pilgrims from the brutal Alpine weather. The Augustinian canons have offered refuge ever since, and the pass gave its name to the famous rescue dogs once bred to find travellers lost in the snow.

Highlights

At a glance

PeriodRoman pass; hospice founded 11th century
Stage40 — Bourg-Saint-Pierre to Great St Bernard Pass

Take care

History

An earlier hospice down the valley at Bourg-Saint-Pierre, recorded from around 812, was wrecked by Saracen raiders in the 10th century, prompting the new foundation at the summit around 1050. The present main building dates largely from the 16th century and was enlarged in 1823 to designs by Henri Perregaux. A carriage road finally crossed the pass in 1905, and the opening of the road tunnel beneath it in 1964 diverted most traffic, leaving the summit to summer travellers and pilgrims.

Myth & legend

Sigeric recorded the pass as 'Sancte Remei' on his return journey in 990. Long before that, ancient travellers worshipped Jupiter Poeninus at a summit shrine, and Napoleon famously led his army across the pass in 1800 on the march into Italy.

Geology

The pass crosses the crystalline core of the Pennine Alps, where the Grand St Bernard nappe stacks ancient gneisses and schists that were buried, metamorphosed and thrust northwards during the Alpine collision. Ice-age glaciers ground the crossing into its bare, rounded form, and the summit lake sits in a rock hollow scoured out by that ice.

Wildlife & nature

Alpine marmots whistle from the boulder fields, ibex and chamois graze the ridges, and alpine choughs wheel around the hospice buildings and the col. In the brief flowering of late June and July the turf and screes carry trumpet and spring gentians, alpine rose, moss campion and edelweiss, with ravens and snowfinches on the rocks.

The view

At 2,469 metres the hospice and its small lake sit in a stark saddle of rock and late-lying snow, with the statue of St Bernard watching the old paved mule road drop away towards Italy.

Photography

Evening and dawn, once day visitors have gone, give still reflections of the hospice in the lake; carry a wide lens for the amphitheatre of peaks, and look for the famous dogs in summer residence.

When to visit

The road pass is genuinely seasonal, open roughly June to September or early October and buried in deep snow otherwise; even in August expect cold mornings, sudden fog and afternoon storms.

Getting there

Walkers climb from Bourg-Saint-Pierre on the Swiss side, and summer buses link the Martigny and Aosta valleys over the pass; outside the open season the crossing is a serious winter route.

Where to stay

The Augustinian hospice has sheltered pilgrims for nearly a thousand years and still offers beds and communal meals to credential holders; auberge-style lodging also operates at the pass in season.

Food & water

Refill at the hospice — there is nothing else once you leave Bourg-Saint-Pierre, so carry plenty and treat the crossing as a full mountain day in either direction.

Safety

A genuine alpine crossing at 2,469 metres: snow is possible outside high summer, weather closes in fast, and temperatures drop sharply after sunset. Check conditions before committing, carry warm and waterproof layers, and keep to the marked path — the road tunnel is not for walkers. In an emergency dial 112.

Accessibility

This is high-mountain terrain with rough stone paths, altitude and fast-changing weather; in season vehicles reach the pass by road, but ground beyond the buildings is uneven alpine rock.

Visitor tips

Sleep at the hospice rather than day-tripping — evening prayer with the canons and dawn over the lake reward the stay; have your credential stamped here, the most storied timbro of the entire route.

Listen: the audio guide

The Great St Bernard Pass: The Roof of the Pilgrim Road · 4 min 13 s · the whole library

The narration plays in the free Via Francigena appAudio guides are in the app only. Scan to open this one directly — it also starts by itself when you reach the site, and plays with no signal. The full script is below, free to read.

The full narration of this stop's audio guide, in text. The audio itself plays only in the app.

You are standing at two thousand four hundred and sixty-nine metres, on the roof of the entire road to Rome. This is the Great St Bernard Pass: a stark saddle of bare rock and late-lying snow, a small cold lake, a huddle of tall stone buildings, and the statue of Saint Bernard watching the old paved road drop away towards Italy. Behind you lies Switzerland. Ahead, at long last, is Italy. And beside you stands a house that has kept its door open for nearly a thousand years.

People have crossed here for far longer than Christianity has existed. Ancient travellers climbed to a summit shrine of Jupiter Poeninus and left offerings for a safe passage, and Rome drove a road over the col to link the Po valley with Gaul. In 990 Archbishop Sigeric came this way home from Rome and set the pass down in his diary as Sancte Remei, one of the eighty stops that still define the Via Francigena, and the highest of them all. In 1800 Napoleon brought an army of forty thousand across in the snow, his cannon packed into hollowed-out pine trunks and dragged over the col, on his march into Italy. A carriage road finally reached the summit in 1905, and when the tunnel opened beneath the pass in 1964 the traffic went underground, leaving the col to the marmots, the summer visitors and the pilgrims.

Now, look for four things as you explore. First, the statue of Saint Bernard himself, gazing down the old mule road as it falls away towards Italy. Second, the lake, filling a hollow scoured out by ice-age glaciers; come to its edge at dawn or dusk, when the day visitors have gone, and the hospice stands doubled in still water. Third, the famous dogs, the great St Bernards first bred by the hospice to help find travellers lost in the snow; they still spend their summers up here, and they are every bit as large as you are hoping. And fourth, the mountain's own life: marmots whistling from the boulder fields, ibex and chamois working the ridges, alpine choughs tumbling around the buildings, and, for a few brilliant weeks of high summer, gentians, moss campion, alpine rose and edelweiss in the turf. The rock beneath it all is the ancient crystalline core of the Alps, gneiss and schist buried, cooked and thrust north in the collision that raised these mountains.

The heart of this place is the hospice. An earlier refuge down the valley at Bourg-Saint-Pierre, recorded from around 812, was wrecked by Saracen raiders in the tenth century, and so, around 1050, Bernard of Menthon founded a new one at the summit itself, exactly where travellers were most likely to be lost. The Augustinian canons have kept it ever since: shelter, food and a welcome for whoever the mountain sends them, in every weather, through every century. Nearly a thousand years of unbroken hospitality on a mountain top. It may be the most remarkable single fact on this entire road, and tonight, if you are wise, you will be part of it.

Treat the crossing with respect: weather closes in fast up here, snow is possible outside high summer, the temperature drops hard at sunset, and the marked path, never the road tunnel, is the walker's way. So stay the night. Share the canons' evening prayer and their table, and have your credential stamped with the most storied timbro of the whole route. At dawn, watch the light come onto the lake where the ancients once left their offerings. Then walk down into Italy. Buon cammino.

Also narrated in Deutsch, Italiano, Nederlands

The same guide, written again in each language rather than translated. Open one to read it in full.

Deutsch · 4 min 47 s

Großer Sankt Bernhard: Das Dach des Weges

Sie stehen auf zweitausendvierhundertneunundsechzig Metern, auf dem Dach des ganzen Weges nach Rom. Das ist der Große Sankt Bernhard: ein karger Sattel aus blankem Fels und liegen gebliebenem Schnee, ein kleiner kalter See, eine Gruppe hoher Steinhäuser und die Statue des heiligen Bernhard, die der alten gepflasterten Straße nachsieht, wie sie nach Italien hinunterfällt. Hinter Ihnen liegt die Schweiz. Vor Ihnen, endlich, Italien. Und neben Ihnen steht ein Haus, das seine Tür seit fast tausend Jahren offen hält.

Hier wird viel länger überquert, als es das Christentum gibt. Antike Reisende stiegen zu einem Gipfelheiligtum des Iupiter Poeninus hinauf und legten Opfergaben für eine sichere Überquerung nieder, und Rom trieb eine Straße über den Pass, um die Poebene mit Gallien zu verbinden. 990 kam Erzbischof Sigerich auf dem Heimweg von Rom hier durch und trug den Pass als Sancte Remei in sein Tagebuch ein, eine der achtzig Stationen, die bis heute die Via Francigena bestimmen, und die höchste von allen. 1800 brachte Napoleon ein Heer von vierzigtausend Mann im Schnee herüber, die Kanonen in ausgehöhlte Föhrenstämme gepackt und über den Pass geschleift, auf seinem Marsch nach Italien. Eine Fahrstraße erreichte die Passhöhe erst 1905, und als 1964 der Tunnel darunter öffnete, verschwand der Verkehr im Berg und ließ den Pass den Murmeltieren, den Sommergästen und den Pilgern.

Vier Dinge sollten Sie hier suchen. Erstens: die Statue des heiligen Bernhard, die dem alten Saumweg nachblickt, wie er nach Italien abfällt. Zweitens: den See, der eine von eiszeitlichen Gletschern ausgeschliffene Mulde füllt. Kommen Sie im Morgengrauen oder in der Dämmerung an sein Ufer, wenn die Tagesgäste fort sind, und das Hospiz steht verdoppelt im stillen Wasser. Drittens: die berühmten Hunde, die Bernhardiner, vom Hospiz einst gezüchtet, um im Schnee verirrte Reisende zu finden. Sie verbringen ihre Sommer noch immer hier oben, und sie sind wirklich so groß, wie Sie hoffen. Und viertens: das Leben des Berges selbst. Murmeltiere pfeifen aus den Blockhalden, Steinböcke und Gämsen arbeiten die Grate ab, Alpendohlen purzeln um die Gebäude, und für ein paar leuchtende Wochen des Hochsommers stehen Enzian, Polsternelke, Alpenrose und Edelweiß im Rasen. Der Fels unter allem ist der uralte kristalline Kern der Alpen, Gneis und Schiefer, versenkt, durchglüht und nach Norden geschoben in jenem Zusammenstoß, der diese Berge auftürmte.

Das Herz dieses Ortes ist das Hospiz. Eine ältere Zuflucht unten im Tal bei Bourg-Saint-Pierre, seit etwa 812 bezeugt, wurde im 10. Jahrhundert von sarazenischen Räubern zerstört, und so gründete Bernhard von Menthon um 1050 eine neue, oben auf der Passhöhe selbst, genau dort, wo Reisende am ehesten verloren gingen. Die Augustiner-Chorherren halten sie seither: Obdach, Essen und ein Willkommen für jeden, den der Berg ihnen schickt, bei jedem Wetter, durch jedes Jahrhundert. Fast tausend Jahre ununterbrochene Gastfreundschaft auf einem Berggipfel. Es ist vielleicht die bemerkenswerteste einzelne Tatsache dieses ganzen Weges, und heute Nacht sind Sie, wenn Sie klug sind, ein Teil davon.

Behandeln Sie die Überquerung mit Respekt: Das Wetter schlägt hier oben schnell um, außerhalb des Hochsommers ist Schnee möglich, bei Sonnenuntergang fällt die Temperatur hart, und der Weg der Gehenden ist der markierte Pfad, niemals der Straßentunnel. Bleiben Sie also über Nacht. Teilen Sie das Abendgebet der Chorherren und ihren Tisch, und lassen Sie sich den geschichtenreichsten Stempel des ganzen Weges in den Pilgerausweis setzen. Sehen Sie im Morgengrauen zu, wie das Licht auf den See kommt, an dem die Alten einst ihre Gaben niederlegten. Und dann gehen Sie hinunter nach Italien. Buon cammino.

Italiano · 4 min 23 s

Gran San Bernardo, il tetto della strada

Siete a duemilaquattrocentosessantanove metri, sul tetto di tutta la strada per Roma. Questo è il Colle del Gran San Bernardo: una sella spoglia di roccia nuda e di neve che tarda a sciogliersi, un piccolo lago freddo, un gruppo di alti edifici di pietra, e la statua di san Bernardo che sorveglia la vecchia strada lastricata mentre scende verso l'Italia. Alle vostre spalle c'è la Svizzera. Davanti a voi, finalmente, c'è l'Italia. E accanto a voi c'è una casa che tiene la porta aperta da quasi mille anni.

Di qui si passa da molto prima che esistesse il cristianesimo. I viaggiatori antichi salivano al santuario di sommità di Giove Pennino e vi lasciavano offerte per un valico sicuro, e Roma fece correre sul colle una strada per legare la pianura padana alla Gallia. Nel 990 l'arcivescovo Sigerico tornò di qui da Roma e annotò il passo nel suo diario come Sancte Remei, una delle ottanta tappe che ancora oggi disegnano la Via Francigena, e la più alta di tutte. Nel 1800 Napoleone portò di qua quarantamila uomini nella neve, i cannoni chiusi dentro tronchi di pino scavati e trascinati oltre il colle, in marcia verso l'Italia. Una strada carrozzabile arrivò in cima solo nel 1905, e quando nel 1964 aprì il traforo sotto il valico il traffico se ne andò sottoterra, lasciando il colle alle marmotte, ai visitatori d'estate e ai pellegrini.

Ora, quattro cose da cercare. Primo, la statua di san Bernardo, che guarda giù per la vecchia mulattiera mentre precipita verso l'Italia. Secondo, il lago, che riempie una conca scavata dai ghiacciai delle ere glaciali; venite sulla sua riva all'alba o al tramonto, quando i visitatori di giornata se ne sono andati, e l'ospizio sta raddoppiato nell'acqua ferma. Terzo, i cani famosi, i grandi san bernardo allevati proprio qui dall'ospizio per aiutare a ritrovare chi si perdeva nella neve; passano ancora quassù le loro estati, e sono esattamente grandi come sperate. E quarto, la vita della montagna: le marmotte che fischiano dalle pietraie, stambecchi e camosci che lavorano le creste, i gracchi alpini che si rovesciano nell'aria intorno agli edifici, e per poche settimane splendide di piena estate genziane, silene acaule, rododendri e stelle alpine nel cotico erboso. La roccia sotto tutto questo è l'antico cuore cristallino delle Alpi, gneiss e scisti sepolti, cotti e spinti verso nord nello scontro che sollevò queste montagne.

Il cuore di questo luogo è l'ospizio. Un rifugio più antico, giù in valle a Bourg-Saint-Pierre, attestato intorno all'812, fu distrutto dalle scorrerie saracene nel decimo secolo, e così, verso il 1050, Bernardo di Mentone ne fondò uno nuovo proprio in cima, esattamente dove chi viaggiava aveva più probabilità di perdersi. I canonici agostiniani lo tengono da allora: riparo, cibo e accoglienza per chiunque la montagna mandi loro, con ogni tempo, attraverso ogni secolo. Quasi mille anni di ospitalità mai interrotta in cima a un monte. È forse il fatto più straordinario di tutta questa strada, e stanotte, se siete saggi, ne farete parte anche voi.

Trattate il valico con rispetto: quassù il tempo si chiude in fretta, la neve è possibile anche fuori dalla piena estate, al tramonto la temperatura crolla, e la via di chi cammina è il sentiero segnato, mai il tunnel stradale. Perciò fermatevi per la notte. Condividete la preghiera della sera dei canonici e la loro tavola, e fatevi mettere sulla credenziale il timbro più carico di storia di tutto il percorso. All'alba, guardate la luce posarsi sul lago dove gli antichi lasciavano le loro offerte. Poi scendete a piedi in Italia. Buon cammino.

Nederlands · 5 min 07 s

Grote Sint-Bernhard, het dak van de weg

Je staat op tweeduizend vierhonderdnegenenzestig meter, op het dak van de hele weg naar Rome. Dit is de Grote Sint-Bernhardpas: een kaal zadel van rots en laat blijvende sneeuw, een klein koud meer, een groepje hoge stenen gebouwen, en het beeld van Sint-Bernhard dat de oude geplaveide weg naar Italië ziet wegzakken. Achter je ligt Zwitserland. Voor je ligt, eindelijk, Italië. En naast je staat een huis dat zijn deur al bijna duizend jaar open houdt.

Mensen trekken hier al veel langer overheen dan het christendom bestaat. Reizigers uit de oudheid klommen naar een heiligdom van Jupiter Poeninus op de top en lieten er offers achter voor een veilige overtocht, en Rome legde een weg over de col om de Povlakte met Gallië te verbinden. In 990 kwam aartsbisschop Sigeric hier op zijn terugweg uit Rome langs en noteerde de pas in zijn dagboek als Sancte Remei, een van de tachtig haltes die de Via Francigena nog altijd bepalen, en de hoogste van allemaal. In 1800 bracht Napoleon een leger van veertigduizend man door de sneeuw naar boven, zijn kanonnen verpakt in uitgeholde dennenstammen en over de col gesleept, op zijn mars naar Italië. In 1905 bereikte eindelijk een rijweg de top, en toen in 1964 de tunnel onder de pas openging, verdween het verkeer onder de grond en bleef de col over voor de marmotten, de zomergasten en de pelgrims.

Zoek nu vier dingen terwijl je rondloopt. Ten eerste het beeld van Sint-Bernhard zelf, dat uitkijkt over de oude muilezelweg terwijl die naar Italië afdaalt. Ten tweede het meer, dat een kom vult die door de ijstijdgletsjers is uitgeschuurd; kom bij zonsopgang of in de schemer naar de oever, wanneer de dagbezoekers weg zijn, en het hospitium staat verdubbeld in stil water. Ten derde de beroemde honden, de grote sint-bernards die het hospitium ooit fokte om reizigers te vinden die in de sneeuw verdwaald waren; ze brengen hun zomers hier nog altijd door, en ze zijn precies zo groot als je hoopt. En ten vierde het leven van de berg zelf: marmotten die vanaf de blokkenvelden fluiten, steenbokken en gemzen die de kammen aflopen, alpenkauwen die om de gebouwen heen tuimelen, en, een paar schitterende weken hoogzomer lang, gentianen, stengelloze silene, alpenroos en edelweiss in de zode. De rots onder dat alles is de oeroude kristallijne kern van de Alpen, gneis en schist, begraven, gekookt en noordwaarts geschoven bij de botsing die deze bergen deed rijzen.

Het hart van deze plek is het hospitium. Een eerdere schuilplaats verderop in het dal, bij Bourg-Saint-Pierre, die vanaf ongeveer 812 in de bronnen staat, werd in de tiende eeuw door Saraceense rovers verwoest, en daarom stichtte Bernardus van Menthon rond 1050 een nieuwe, op de top zelf, precies daar waar reizigers de grootste kans liepen te verdwalen. De augustijner koorheren houden haar sindsdien in stand: onderdak, eten en een welkom voor wie de berg hun ook stuurt, in elk weer, elke eeuw door. Bijna duizend jaar ononderbroken gastvrijheid op een bergtop. Het is misschien wel het opmerkelijkste enkele feit van deze hele weg, en vannacht ben je er, als je verstandig bent, zelf deel van.

Behandel de overtocht met respect: het weer slaat hierboven snel om, ook buiten de hoogzomer kan er sneeuw vallen, de temperatuur zakt bij zonsondergang hard weg, en het gemarkeerde pad, nooit de wegtunnel, is de weg van de wandelaar. Blijf dus slapen. Deel het avondgebed en de tafel van de koorheren, en laat je pelgrimspaspoort afstempelen met de meest legendarische timbro van de hele route. Kijk bij dageraad hoe het licht op het meer komt waar de ouden ooit hun offers lieten. En daal dan af, Italië in. Buon cammino.

Common questions

How old is Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice?

Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice dates from the Roman pass; hospice founded 11th century period.

How do I get to Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice?

Walkers climb from Bourg-Saint-Pierre on the Swiss side, and summer buses link the Martigny and Aosta valleys over the pass; outside the open season the crossing is a serious winter route.

Is Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice accessible?

This is high-mountain terrain with rough stone paths, altitude and fast-changing weather; in season vehicles reach the pass by road, but ground beyond the buildings is uneven alpine rock.

When is the best time to visit Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice?

The road pass is genuinely seasonal, open roughly June to September or early October and buried in deep snow otherwise; even in August expect cold mornings, sudden fog and afternoon storms.

Is there food and water at Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice?

Refill at the hospice — there is nothing else once you leave Bourg-Saint-Pierre, so carry plenty and treat the crossing as a full mountain day in either direction.

Where can I stay near Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice?

The Augustinian hospice has sheltered pilgrims for nearly a thousand years and still offers beds and communal meals to credential holders; auberge-style lodging also operates at the pass in season.

What should I know before visiting Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice?

Sleep at the hospice rather than day-tripping — evening prayer with the canons and dawn over the lake reward the stay; have your credential stamped here, the most storied timbro of the entire route.

Is Great St Bernard Pass & Hospice safe to visit?

A genuine alpine crossing at 2,469 metres: snow is possible outside high summer, weather closes in fast, and temperatures drop sharply after sunset. Check conditions before committing, carry warm and waterproof layers, and keep to the marked path — the road tunnel is not for walkers. In an emergency dial 112.

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